儿童病毒性肺炎的病原体及临床症状分析  

Pathogen and clinical symptom analysis of viral pneumonia in children

作　　者：田雨飞 左力[1] 李道醒 申陈 张靖超 王莹 任艳芳[1] TIAN Yufei;ZUO Li;LI Daoxing;SHEN Chen;ZHANG Jingchao;WANG Ying;REN Yanfang(Pediatrics Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院儿科,北京100050

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2024年第5期513-516,共4页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z161100000516030)。

摘　　要：目的探讨儿童常见病毒性肺炎分布,并分析其临床症状体征与病原学分布的相关性,为临床诊断及治疗提供依据。方法选取2019年1月至2023年1月在北京友谊医院治疗的病毒性肺炎患儿200例,用酶联免疫法(ELISA)定量检测5种呼吸道病毒,比较病原学分布差异,并分析不同感染类型患儿的临床症状体征的差异。结果经检测,单一感染156例,占78.00%,混合感染44例,占22.00%;单一感染以呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)为主,占单一感染的37.18%;混合感染以流感病毒(IFV)+副流感病毒(PIV)为主,占混合感染的47.73%。年龄≤3岁患儿混合感染率为43.94%,明显高于3~7岁和>7岁患儿(P<0.05);年龄≤3岁患儿RSV感染率为59.09%,明显高于3~7岁和>7岁患儿(P<0.05);年龄>7岁患儿IFV感染率为20.00%,明显低于年龄≤3岁和3~7岁患儿(P<0.05);年龄>7岁患儿PIV感染率为47.27%,明显高于年龄≤3岁和3~7岁患儿(P<0.05)。不同年龄患儿腺病毒(ADV)和巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同性别患儿感染类型及RSV、IFV、PIV、ADV和CMV感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。混合感染患儿发热、湿啰音比例分别为95.45%和93.18%,明显高于单一感染患者(P<0.05),单一感染和混合感染患儿咳嗽、气喘、哮鸣音差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RSV、IFV、PIV、ADV和CMV感染引起的临床症状体征差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论儿童病毒性肺炎以RSV、IFV感染等为主,单一感染和混合感染患儿临床症状体征有所差异,有助于及早诊断。Objective To explore the distribution of common viral pneumonia in children,and analyze the correlation between clinical symptoms,signs and pathogenic distribution,to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 200 children with viral pneumonia treated at Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2019 to January 2023 were selected,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to quantitatively detect 5 kinds of respiratory viruses,the differences in pathogen distribution were compared.The differences in clinical symptoms and signs of children with different infection types were analyzed.Results There were 156 cases of single infection,accounted for 78.00%,and 44 cases of mixed infection,accounted for 22.00%.Single infection was mainly caused by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),accounted for 37.18%of single infections.Mixed infections were mainly caused by influenza virus(IFV)and parainfluenza virus(PIV),accounted for 47.73%of mixed infections.The mixed infection rate of children aged≤3 years was 43.94%,significantly higher than that of children aged 3-7 years and>7 years(P<0.05).The RSV infection rate in children aged≤3 years was 59.09%,significantly higher than that in children aged 3-7 years and>7 years(P<0.05).The IFV infection rate in children over 7 years old was 20.00%,significantly lower than that in children≤3 years old and 3-7 years old(P<0.05).The proportion of PIV in children aged over 7 years old was 47.27%,significantly higher than that in children aged≤3 years and 3-7 years old(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the infection rates of adenovirus(ADV)and cytomegalovirus(CMV)among children of different ages(P>0.05),There was no statistically significant difference in the infection types and RSV,IFV,PIV,ADV and CMV infection rates among children of different genders(P>0.05).The proportions of fever and wet rales in children with mixed infections were 95.45%and 93.18%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in patients w

关 键 词：儿童 病毒性肺炎 病原学 临床症状体征 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R563.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]