旅游发展初级阶段乡村非正规就业的形成逻辑--以元阳哈尼梯田为例  

The Formation Logic of Rural Informal Employment in the Initial Stage of Tourism Development:A Case Study of Hani Terraces in Yuanyang County

作　　者：马悦柔 保继刚[1,2] MA Yuerou;BAO Jigang(School of Tourism Management,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;Center for Tourism Planning and Research,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学旅游学院,广东珠海519082 [2]中山大学旅游发展与规划研究中心,广东广州510275

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2024年第11期96-107,共12页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流重点项目“旅游可持续发展与生计-能源-粮食-水的关联研究:过程、机制与多尺度效应”(41920104002)资助。

摘　　要：乡村振兴背景下,旅游发展增加本地就业机会已成为共识。乡村旅游就业多为非正规、非标准形式,但这一现象尚未得到充分探讨。文章以处在旅游发展初级阶段的元阳哈尼梯田为例,基于非参与观察、半结构访谈、文本分析等质性研究方法,借助文化理性理论,探讨乡村旅游正规部门中非正规就业的外在表象与内在逻辑。研究发现:1)这一现象的突出特征是雇佣双方共同塑造的灵活性。在旅游雇主的许可下,本地农村雇工受时空规律调控,在旅游场域与务农、务工、家庭、社会场域之间进行灵活转换。2)灵活性的内在逻辑是文化理性与实践理性的交织。文化理性体现为雇佣双方受地方文化影响所形成的各种观念,灵活就业是文化的理性表达。研究结果对理解旅游情境下地方传统文化与现代商业文化的互动具有重要意义,并为解释乡村旅游就业的演化提供了理论参照。It has been commonly accepted that tourism development in rural destinations can increase local employment opportunities across both formal and informal sectors.Tourism employment has been regarded as an effective means to achieve the goal of rural revitalization.Nowadays,informal employment holds a significant share in the tourist industry.The trend is primarily due to some significant characteristics of tourism,such as low entry threshold,high inclusiveness,and costeffectiveness.However,the employment landscape in the formal sector of rural tourism often features a mix of informal and non-standard employment situations resulting from the tension between rural traditions and tourism modernity,particularly in the initial stage of rural tourism development.While such an informal phenomenon is quite pronounced,it has not been thoroughly investigated in existing research.Using the Hani Terraces in Yuanyang county as a case study,this study delves into the external manifestations and internal dynamics of informal employment within the formal sector of rural tourism.Various qualitative methods,including non-participant observation,semi-structured interviews,and text analysis,were employed in this research.Grounded in Sahlin’s theory of culture reason,this study developed an analytical framework to interpret the specific and prevalent tourism phenomenon in rural areas.It posits that reason is a cultural expression,influencing practical interests within the constraints of local cultural systems.Two major findings can be summarized from this study:Firstly,flexibility characterizes informal employment in the formal sector,allowing local employees in the rural tourist industry to transit seamlessly among tourism,agriculture,non-tourism occupations,and societal roles with the consent of employers in rural tourism.This flexibility is influenced by spatial proximity and temporal regularities of tourism development,agricultural production,and social operations in rural villages.Secondly,the inner logic of flexibility in info

关 键 词：乡村旅游 非正规就业 灵活性 实践理性 文化理性 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]