甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对宽体金线蛭的急性毒性研究  

Study on the acute toxicity of emamectin benzoate to Whitmania pigra

作　　者：李淇 陈鑫 戴彩姣[1,3] 王江华 顾泽茂[1,2] 袁军法[1,2] LI Qi;CHEN Xin;DAI Caijiao;WANG Jianghua;GU Zemao;YUAN Junfa(College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory(HZAU),Wuhan 430070;Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学水生动物疫病专业实验室,武汉430070 [3]湖北省水生动物疫病防控工程技术研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第5期826-833,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：湖北省黄鳝-小龙虾产业技术体系资助。

摘　　要：宽体金线蛭是中药市场上常见药物原料,人工养殖已成为其主要供应渠道,并且是目前我国养殖规模最大的水蛭种类。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)是一种阿维菌素类有机化合物,在水果、蔬菜等种植中应用广泛,在稻田生态系统中也有较广泛的使用,但其对水蛭的毒性尚未知。本研究通过甲维盐对宽体金线蛭的急性毒性实验,评估其对野生或养殖水蛭的影响。结果表明,甲维盐对宽体金线蛭高毒,96 h LC50为0.192 mg•L^(–1);农药制剂1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油(EC)对宽体金线蛭为低毒级农药,96 h LC50为19.22 mg•L^(–1)。中毒宽体金线蛭身体肿胀、结节,肠道大量积液;损伤主要集中在肌肉、肠道和肾管部分。甲维盐中毒水蛭肠道中的紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、水通道蛋白AQP2、AQP3、AQP4、AQP5和AQP6的转录水平均显著降低(P<0.05),而白细胞介素IL-16、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α转录水平均显著上升(P<0.05),提示其对宽体金线蛭肠道的毒性机制包括影响了水蛭的肠道通透性,并诱导肠道炎症的发生。研究结果可为水蛭的资源养护以及健康养殖提供科学依据,在实际生产中使用甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐类农药时,建议选用低剂量农药制剂、更安全的剂型如微乳剂、于稻田无水时施药,降低用药对自然环境以及水蛭等物种的影响。Whitmania pigra,commonly used as a medicinal material in the traditional Chinese medicine market,is now primarily supplied through artificial breeding and is the leech species with the largest breeding scale in China.Emamectin benzoate(avermectin benzoate),is an organic compound of the avermectin class,widely used in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables,and also extensively applied in paddy field ecosystems.However,its toxicity to leeches remains unknown.This study conducted an acute toxicity of emamectin benzoate to W pigra to assess its impact on wild or cultured leeches.The results showed that emamectin benzoate was highly toxic to W.pigra,with a 96 h LC50 of 0.192 mg·L^(-1).Pesticide preparation 1%emamectin benzoate EC was low toxicity pesticide to W.pigra,with a 96 h LC50 of 19.22 mg·L^(-1).Poisoned W.pigra showed body swelling nodules and intestinal effusion;the damage caused by emamectin benzoate was mainly concentrated in muscle,intestine,and renal canal.The transcriptional level of tight junction protein ZO-1,aquaporins including AQP2,AQP3,AQP4,AQP5 and AQP6 in the intestinal tract of leech poisoned by emamectin benzoate were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the interleukin IL-16 and tumor necrosis factor TNF-αwere significantly increased(P<0.05).The results suggested that the toxic mechanism of emamectin benzoate on the intestinal tract of W.pigra was mainly to affect the intestinal permeability of leech and induce typical inflammatory reaction in the intestinal tract.The study provides scientific evidence for the conservation of leech resources and healthy breeding.It is recommended that in actual production,low-dose pesticide preparations,safer dosage forms such as microemulsions should be used,and application should be made when there is no water in paddy fields to reduce the impact of medication on the natural environment and species such as leeches.

关 键 词：甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 宽体金线蛭 急性毒性 肠道损伤 炎症反应 

分 类 号：S197.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]