自然发酵转化板栗废弃物堆肥的细菌群落多样性特征  

Characterization of bacterial community diversity in composted chestnut waste converted by natural fermentation

作　　者：王子夜 闾星 窦桂铭 贾春雷 冯芳侠 李志朋[4] 严东辉[1] WANG Ziye;LYU Xing;DOU Guiming;JIA Chunlei;FENG Fangxia;LI Zhipeng;YAN Donghui(Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;Tangshan Youchao Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Qianxi 064300;Qianxi County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Qianxi 064300;Beijing Huairou District Landscaping Bureau,Beijing 101400)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,森林保护学国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100091 [2]唐山市有巢农业开发有限公司,迁西064300 [3]河北省迁西县农业农村局,迁西064300 [4]北京市怀柔区园林绿化局,北京101400

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第5期834-842,共9页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资助(CAFYBB2021ZF001);河北省省级科技计划资助-河北省科技厅河北省重点研发计划项目(20326508D)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究自然发酵转化板栗废弃物堆肥的细菌群落多样性特征,在利用外源氮素改善堆料起始C/N,自然发酵板栗废弃物转化堆肥的基础上,通过高通量测序,分析了鹿粪和尿素两种氮源堆肥在发酵过程(鹿粪氮源Bff、尿素氮源Bfn)和成熟堆肥(鹿粪氮源Bmf、尿素氮源Bmn)中微生物的群落组成和结构。结果表明,添加鹿粪或尿素能使板栗废弃物自然发酵转化为成熟堆肥。鹿粪N源堆肥(Bf)和尿素N源堆肥(Bn)熟化后的主要性状评价指标分别为:C/N比,11.3~11.5和12.0~12.8,pH值,7.7~7.9和7.6~7.8;发芽指数,153.5%和140.1%。细菌群落物种组成方面,两类堆肥的成熟期堆肥细菌群落OTUs总数(2807)和特有OTUs比例(29.83%、29.06%)均高于发酵中期(2902、34.37%、33.70%);同一发酵时期Bf特有OTUs比例(29.83%、34.37%)高于Bn(29.06%、33.70%);放线菌门和厚壁菌门为优势菌门丰度较高,但不同时期丰度不同。细菌群落多样性方面,Bn细菌群落的物种组成和分布在发酵时期和成熟时期有显著性差异,而Bf的则差异不显著;外源氮素对同一发酵时期细菌群落多样性、丰富度和物种分配均匀度影响不显著。细菌群落网络关联方面,Bff堆肥细菌群落比Bfn更复杂、稳定。细菌群落功能性方面,发酵时期和氮源对群落功能影响较大,发酵中期两氮源堆肥细菌群落功能聚类集中,差异较小;成熟期功能聚类差异较大;同一氮源堆肥在发酵中期和成熟期的功能细菌群作用不同。研究结果为利用外源氮素调控细菌群落结构和多样性以改善和自然发酵富碳林木废弃物转化堆肥利用提供了新认识,可为农林废弃物资源转化利用技术的提升应用和工程建设提供理论参考。In order to investigate the characteristics of bacterial community diversity in naturally fermented con-verted chestnut waste compost,this study analyzed the microbial community composition and structure of two types of nitrogen-sourced composts,namely,deer faeces and urea,in the process of fermentation(deer faeces nitrogen source Bff,urea nitrogen source Bfn)and in the maturation of the compost(deer faeces nitrogen source Bmf,urea nitrogen source Bmn).This analysis was conducted on the basis of using exogenous nitrogen to improve the starting C/N of compost materials and the conversion of chestnut waste into compost in the natural fermentation process,through high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that the addition of deer manure or urea could convert chestnut waste into mature compost by natural fermentation.The main traits evaluated after maturation of deer manure N-source compost(Bf)and urea N-source compost(Bn)were C/N ratios of 11.3−11.5 and 12.0−12.8,pH values of 7.7−7.9 and 7.6−7.8,and germination indices of 153.5%and 140.1%,respectively.Regarding the species composition of the bacterial community,the total number of OTUs(2807)and the proportion of endemic OTUs(29.83%and 29.06%)of the compost bacterial community were higher in the maturation period than in the mid-fermentation period for the two types of compost(2902,34.37%and 33.70%);and the proportion of endemic OTUs was higher in the same fermentation period for Bf(29.83%and 34.37%)than for Bn(29.06%,33.70%)during the same fermentation period;the abundance of Actinobacteria and Thick-walled Bacteria as the dominant bacterial phyla was higher,but the abundance was different in different periods.In terms of bacterial community diversity,the species composition and distribution of the Bn bacterial community were significantly different between the fermentation and maturation periods,whereas the difference of the Bf was not significant;exogenous nitrogen did not have a significant effect on the diversity,abundance,and evenness of the species

关 键 词：板栗废弃物 细菌群落组成 细菌群落功能预测 尿素氮源堆肥 细菌群落多样性与功能 氮源 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]