聚氨酯材料发泡性能研究——硬段含量及发泡气体的影响  

Studies of polyurethane foam properties:effects of hard segment content and foam gas

作　　者：王凯 赵宝艳 张利[1] WANG Kai;ZHAO Baoyan;ZHANG Li(School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;School of Textiles,Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学材料科学与化学工程学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]浙江纺织服装职业技术学院纺织学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（理工版）》2024年第6期100-107,共8页Journal of Ningbo University：Natural Science and Engineering Edition

基　　金：宁波市科技局重大项目(2023Z088);浙江纺织服装职业技术学院先进纺织服装及生态染整技术重点实验室基金(2023ZDSYS-A-003)。

摘　　要：分别采用超临界CO_(2)和N_(2)发泡制备了一系列合成单体相同、硬段含量不同的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)发泡材料,探究了硬段含量和发泡气体种类对发泡倍率以及力学性能的影响.结果表明,硬段含量越低,初始发泡倍率越高.发泡倍率基本随着温度升高先增加后减小,并且与发泡剂种类无关.当TPU的硬段含量、饱和压力不变且N_(2)作为发泡剂时,塑化效应较弱,使得最佳发泡温度显著提高.以Elastollan TPU 1175A为例,保持压力13 MPa不变,CO_(2)作为发泡剂时,140℃下初始发泡倍率达到最大.然而N_(2)作为发泡剂时,155℃下初始发泡倍率达到最大.进一步研究了不同发泡剂下相同发泡倍率材料的力学性能,循环压缩实验结果表明,采用N_(2)制备的泡沫材料最大压缩应力提高25%,损耗能量和百分比均较低.In this paper,a series of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) foams with same synthesized monomers and different hard section contents were prepared by supercritical CO_(2) and N_(2) foaming,respectively,and the effects of the hard section content and the type of foaming gases on the foaming ratio and mechanical properties were investigated.The results show that,the lower the content of hard segment,the higher the initial foaming ratio.The foaming ratio basically increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature,and was independent of the type of blowing agent.When the hard section content and saturation pressure of TPUs were kept constant,the plasticizing effect of N_(2) as a blowing agent was weaker,which led to a significant increase in the optimum foaming temperature.Taking Elastollan TPU 1175A as an example,the initial foaming ratio was maximized at 140 ℃ when CO_(2) was used as a blowing agent at a constant pressure of 13 MPa.However,when N_(2) was used as the blowing agent,the initial foaming ratio was maximized at 155 ℃.The mechanical properties of the materials with same foaming ratio under different blowing agents were further investigated,and the results of cyclic compression experiments show that the maximum compression stress of the foams prepared with N_(2) was increased by 25%,and the loss of energy and percentage were both lower.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 超临界发泡 二氧化碳 氮气 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ328.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]