极量数字成语的梯级修辞功能:修辞学、概率论与信息论的交叉研究  

The Scalar Rhetorical Function of Numerical Maximizers and Minimizers in Idioms:An Interdisciplinary Study of Rhetoric,Probability Theory,and Information Theory

作　　者：蒋勇[1] 许天启 Jiang Yong;Xu Tianqi

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学语料库研究院,上海201620 [2]上海外国语大学语言研究院,上海201620

出　　处：《当代修辞学》2024年第6期66-79,共14页Contemporary Rhetoric

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“汉语特别概念系统构建原理的空间复合研究”(项目编号:19BYY027);上海外国语大学第五届导师学术引领计划“基于博弈论模型的经济语言学研究”(项目编号:2022113003)的系列成果之一。

摘　　要：本文提出了一个梯级修辞的概率模型,旨在为极量词语的语法和梯级修辞策略提供理论基础。研究聚焦于极量数字成语这一独特的梯级修辞现象,探讨其在夸张表达和梯级含义传递中的作用。Israel(2001, 2011)提出了基于量级的梯级模型,将极量表达归为四种类型:肯定宏量、肯定微量、否定宏量、否定微量,它们都用于表达全量肯定或全量否定的意义,但尚未提出如何计算极量表达的信息量的方法。本文突破Israel的梯级推理模型,提出统一的梯级推理核心原则:从低概率事件推导高概率同类事件;运用概率论和信息论,构建梯级推理的概率模型;利用正态分布描述“极量”“常量”“常规全量”“超常全量”等概念,阐明梯级推理各要素之间精确的数学关系;用概率分布公式模拟计算极量数字成语启动的事件概率,并用自信息公式计算极量表达的信息量。研究期望通过融合修辞学、概率论和信息论的理论与方法,为梯级修辞研究开辟新路径。This paper proposes a probabilistic model for scalar rhetoric,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for the grammar and scalar rhetorical strategies of hyperbolic expressions.The study focuses on hyperbolic numerical idioms as a distinctive scalar rhetorical phenomenon,examining their role in exaggerated expression and the transmission of scalar meaning.Israel(2001,2011)proposed a scalar model based on quantity,categorizing hyperbolic expressions into four types:positive maximizers and minimizers,and negative maximizers and minimizers,all used to convey universal affirmation or negation.However,Israel did not offer a method for calculating the information content of hyperbolic expressions.This paper extends Israel's scalar reasoning model by proposing a unified core principle:inferring high-probability events within the same category from low-probability events.This paper constructs a probabilistic model for scalar reasoning in light of probability theory and information theory,employing normal distribution to define concepts such as"extreme quantity","normal quantity","regular full quantity",and"extraordinary full quantity".It elucidates the precise mathematical relationships between different elements of scalar reasoning,simulating the probability of events triggered by hyperbolic numerical idioms by means of probability distribution formulas.Additionally,it calculates the information content of hyperbolic expressions through the self-information formula.This paper aims to pave new directions for research on scalar rhetoric by integrating rhetoric,probability theory,and information theory.

关 键 词：梯级修辞 概率分布 正态分布 自信息 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学]