语篇和互动中的主观量触发语——以“本来、按说”为例  

Subjective Quantity Triggers in Discourse and Interaction:A Case Study of"Benlai"and"Anshuo"

作　　者：张耕 李宇涵 姜毅宁 Zhang Geng;Li Yuhan;Jiang Yining

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院/国家语言文字推广基地,成都610207 [2]复旦大学中国语言文学系,上海200433 [3]上海外国语大学语言研究院,上海201620

出　　处：《当代修辞学》2024年第6期80-91,共12页Contemporary Rhetoric

基　　金：国家资助博士后研究人员计划(资助编号:GZC20241177);四川大学专职博士后研发基金(项目编号:skbsh2024-64)资助。

摘　　要：主观量意义来源于实际量与预期量的对比,但以往研究很少注意到预期量的不同参项对主观量的影响。文章以“本来、按说”为例讨论主观量的触发规律,包括引出后续句表达和暗示听话人解读两方面规约。基于语篇分布和互动语感两项调查发现:当“本来、按说”句中的量性焦点没有决定性的语义标记时,主观量的触发倾向是由语用导致的,制约因素包括强/弱预期、预存/渐生论元;但语用推理可以取消,常见的取消策略有加标记、加后续句、取极值等。The meaning of subjective quantity is derived from the contrast between actual quantity and expected quantity.However,previous studies of subjective quantity paid little attention to the influence of different parameters of expected quantity on the meaning of subjective quantity.This article conducts a case study of"benlai"and"anshuo"to discuss the subjective quantity triggering patterns that lead to subjective quantity expressions in subsequent clauses or imply subjective quantity readings.Based on two investigations of discourse and interaction,it finds that:when the quantitative focus is unmarked by large/small quantity forms,the triggering tendency is caused by pragmatics,with influencing factors including strong/weak expectation and pre-existing/incremental argument.However,pragmatic inferences can be canceled by strategies such as adding a marker of large or small quantity,adding a subsequent clause with different meaning,and maximizing or minimizing the value of quantitativefocus.

关 键 词：主观量触发语 语义和语用 预存论元和渐生论元 意愿预期 

分 类 号：H15[语言文字—汉语]