4种中药提取物对稻瘟病菌的抑菌活性和田间防效  

Antifungal activity and field control efficacy of 4 Chinese herbal extracts against Magnaporthe oryzae

作　　者：王梓渝 陈佳[1] 徐彦熙 于潇涵 唐誉嫣 陈江 WANG Ziyu;CHEN Jia;XU Yanxi;YU Xiaohan;TANG Yuyan;CHEN Jiang(State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,成都611137

出　　处：《农药》2024年第11期843-848,共6页Agrochemicals

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金项目(2023NSFSC0660);2023年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310633038);成都中医药大学“杏林学者”学科人才科研提升计划(QJJJ2023010);成都中医药大学科技园2024年度大学生创新创业项目(KJYZD2406)。

摘　　要：[目的]稻瘟病是目前水稻生产中的主要病害之一,严重为害我国粮食生产安全,研发新型的高效低毒农药具有重大潜力。[方法]试验在中医燥湿理论指导下,创新性地选取燥湿化湿类中药挥发油,采用含毒介质法和田间试验探究其对稻瘟病的防治效果。[结果]室内含毒介质法试验结果表明广藿香挥发油抑菌效果最好,在0.717 g/L质量浓度时对稻瘟病菌达到100%抑制,EC_(50)为0.269 g/L。田间试验结果表明,827.81 g a.i./hm^(2)山苍子挥发油的预防效果达72.94%,1203.75 g a.i./hm^(2)广藿香挥发油的预防效果达71.82%,2者防效与化学农药稻瘟灵相当。[结论]山苍子和广藿香挥发油田间实地防效良好,且在成本上极具优势,具有开发成为绿色有机的新型中药农药的潜力。[Aims]Rice blast is one of the primary diseases affecting rice production and poses a severe threat to grain production safety in China.The development of new,highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides holds significant promise.[Methods]Guided by the traditional Chinese medicine theory of dampness-drying,this study innovatively selected volatile oils from dampness-drying and dampness-removing herbs.The toxic medium method and field trials were employed to investigate their efficacy against rice blast.[Results]Laboratory tests using the toxic medium method indicated that patchouli oil exhibited the best fungistatic effect,achieving 100%inhibition against M.oryzae at a mass concentration of 0.717 g/L,with an EC_(50) of 0.269 g/L.Field trial results showed that the preventive effect of 827.81 g a.i./ha volatile oil of Litsea cubeba was 72.94%,while that of 1203.75 g a.i./ha volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin was 71.82%.Both showed efficacy comparable to that of the chemical fungicide isoprothiolane.[Conclusions]The field control efficacy of L.cubeba and P.cablin volatile oils is good and offers significant cost advantages,showing potential for development into new,green and organic pesticides derived from traditional Chinese medicine.

关 键 词：中药挥发油 稻瘟病 防治 植物源农药 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学]