砧木与生物菌肥对春季大棚小型西瓜土传病害和品质的影响  

The Influence of Rootstocks and Biological Fertilizers on Soil-borne Diseases and Quality of Small-scale Watermelons in Spring Greenhouses

作　　者：马忠旭 王彦力 张冬菊 刘博 周贵娇 郑长英 MA Zhongxu;WANG Yanli;ZHANG Dongju;LIU Bo;ZHOU Guijiao;ZHENG Changying(College of Plant Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109;Dongming County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development,Heze,Shandong 274500)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学植物医学学院,山东青岛266109 [2]东明县农业农村局,山东菏泽274500

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第31期105-110,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山东省蔬菜产业技术体系(SDAIT-05)。

摘　　要：以‘京颖F1’为接穗,‘京欣研9号’、‘豫艺稳健一号’、‘鲁青壮士’、‘本地散南瓜籽’为砧木,筛选最适砧穗组合,同时以自根苗直接移栽施用生物菌肥开展试验,分别探究不同砧木与施用生物菌肥对东明县早春大棚小型礼品西瓜土传病害及品质的影响。通过调查西瓜嫁接移栽后成活率、植株长势、果实品质、抗炭疽病、枯萎病等土传病害相关指标,对西瓜土传病害与其性状相关性进行分析。结果表明,4种砧木对西瓜土传病害特别是枯萎病具有很好的防治效果,西瓜植株的品质得到有效提高。其中‘京欣研9号’和‘京颖F1’为最优组合,嫁接成活率为94%,嫁接后西瓜炭疽病、根结线虫病的发病率较自根苗分别下降23%、57%,猝倒病、枯萎病及蔓枯病均未发生,产量达到19350 kg/hm^(2),可溶性糖含量达到10.56 Brix;自根苗施用生物菌肥后,根结线虫病发病率明显下降,产量达到19500~19800 kg/hm^(2),可溶性糖含量平均达到12.5 Brix。砧木嫁接对提升产量及土传病害抗性效果显著,但会降低西瓜甜度、增加瓜皮厚度,影响果实品质;自根苗施用生物菌肥对抗病、增强植株长势、提升果实风味均有较好的效果。‘Jingying F1’was used as scion and‘Jingxin rootstock No.9’,‘Yuyi rootstock No.1’,‘Luqing Sturdy’and local pumpkin seed were used as rootstocks,the most suitable rootstock-scion combination was screened.At the same time,an experiment was carried out by directly transplanting self-rooted seedlings and applying biological bacterial fertilizer to explore the effects of different rootstocks and the application of biological bacterial fertilizer on soil-borne diseases and quality of small-scale watermelons in early spring greenhouses in Dongming County.The survival rate,plant growth,fruit quality,resistance to anthracnose,wilt and other soil-borne diseases of watermelon were investigated after grafting and transplanting.The results showed that the four rootstocks could almost control the watermelon soil-borne diseases and the quality of watermelon plants was improved effectively.‘Jingxin rootstock No.9’and‘Jingying F1’were the best combination,the graft survival rate was 94%,the incidence of watermelon anthracnose and the root-knot nematodiasis were reduced 23 and 57 percent respectively and the yield reached 19350 kg/hm^(2) and the soluble sugar content reached 10.56 Brix and no soil-borne diseases occurred after grafting compared with the self-rooted seedlings.The incidence of root-knot nematodiasis decreased significantly and the yield reached 19500-19800 kg/hm^(2) with the soluble sugar content reaching 12.5 Brix on average after grafting with biological bacterial fertilizer.Rootstock grafting has significant effect on increasing yield and disease resistance,but will reduce watermelon sweetness.Applying bio-fertilizer is beneficial for disease resistance,growth,and flavor improvement.

关 键 词：小型西瓜 砧木 生物菌肥 土传病害 品质 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]