石化行业有毒有害水污染物排放特征及排放限值对比研究  

Discharge characteristics and comparative study on the discharge limits of toxic water pollutants of petrochemical industry

作　　者：许明珠 胡雨晴 武亚凤 周羽化 XU Mingzhu;HU Yuqing;WU Yafeng;ZHOU Yuhua(Zhejiang Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311100;Environmental Standards Institute of MEE,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]浙江省环境科技有限公司,浙江杭州311100 [2]生态环境部环境标准研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2024年第11期1695-1700,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

摘　　要：收集全国325家石化企业2017—2020年水污染物排放自行监测数据进行统计分析,评估《石油化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB 31571—2015)中废水排放控制的8项重金属项目和获取数据的30项有机特征水污染物项目等共计38项有毒有害水污染物的排放水平,并与国外石化行业相关废水排放限值进行对比研究,以此为基础对GB 31571—2015中有毒有害水污染物的排放限值控制水平进行分析。结果表明,石化废水中重金属项目的排放浓度总体较低,总砷、总铅、总汞、总铬4个项目的排放限值处于较宽松水平;废水中13项苯系物排放浓度水平总体与GB 31571—2015的排放限值较为匹配,1,4-二氯苯的排放限值较为宽松;对于二氯甲烷等17项有机特征水污染物,二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1-二氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、丙烯腈等6个项目的排放限值较宽松;建议在进一步结合废水处理技术可达性的基础上,综合考虑污染物的生态毒性、减污降碳的协同增效等因素,收严排放限值。Collecting self-monitoring data from 2017 to 2020 of water pollutants from 325 petrochemical enterprises nationwide,the discharge levels of 38 toxic water pollutants were analyzed,including 8 heavy metal pollutants and 30 organic water pollutants controlled by the“Discharge standards for petrochemical industry pollutants”(GB 31571-2015).Comparing with relevant wastewater discharge limits of petrochemical industry in other countries or international organizations,the control levels of discharge limits of toxic water pollutants in GB 31571-2015 were evaluated.The results showed that the discharge concentrations of heavy metal pollutants in petrochemical wastewater were generally low,and the discharge limits of total arsenic,total lead,total mercury,and total chromium were at a relatively lax level;the discharge concentration levels of 13 benzene derivatives in wastewater generally matched well with the discharge limits of GB 31571-2015,but the limit of 1,4-dichlorobenzene was relatively lax;for 17 organic water pollutants,the limits of dichloromethane,1,2-dichloroethane,1,1-dichloroethylene,trichloroethylene,dibutyl phthalate,and acrylonitrile were relatively lax.It was recommended to tighten the discharge limits of above pollutants based on further evaluating the available technology of wastewater treatment,and comprehensively considering factors such as the ecological toxicity of pollutants,and the synergy on the reduction of pollution and carbon emission.

关 键 词：石化 有毒有害 水污染物 排放 限值 

分 类 号：X74[环境科学与工程—环境工程]