“普遍”的还是“例外”的:欧美死刑之争的话语解构与启示  

“Universal”or“Exceptional”:The Discourse Deconstruction and Implication of the Death Penalty Dispute in Europe and America

作　　者：史佳楠 SHI Jianan(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期122-134,共13页Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：全球废除死刑运动的兴起有着复杂的背景。长久以来,死刑废除被人权话语与普遍叙事的单一线索所主导,其背后的特殊政治因素为学界所忽视。在欧美学界的死刑论辩中,美国学者揭露了欧洲将地方性的死刑废除故事纳入普遍性人权话语之中的政治过程,并就美国的特殊国情解释了为何美国保留死刑,侧面为死刑的地方主义进行了辩护。在死刑问题上,欧美之间争论的本质是人权话语权之争、普遍主义与本土主义之争以及自由主义与保守主义之争。当前中国死刑问题讨论受到欧洲普遍主义叙事的影响,因而学界多数意见是支持废除死刑,但这与我国的国情与民意严重背离。欧美的死刑辩论启示我们在死刑问题上要警惕价值渗透,从中国实际国情出发坚定中国在死刑问题上的立场,以更加开阔的视野推动中国死刑改革。The rise of the global abolition movement of death penalty has a complex background.For a long time,the abolition of the death penalty has been dominated by the single thread of human rights discourse and universal narrative,and the special political factors behind it have been ignored by the academic community.In the debate on the death penalty between European and American academic circles,American scholars revealed the political process of incorporating the local death penalty abolition story into the universal human rights discourse in Europe,and explained why America retains the death penalty in view of the special national conditions of America and defended the localism of the death penalty.On the issue of death penalty,the essence of the debate between Europe and America is the discourse right of human rights,the debate between universalism and nativism,and the debate between liberalism and conservatism.The discussion on the death penalty in China today is influenced by the narrative of European universalism.Therefore,the majority of the academic community supports the abolition of the death penalty,which seriously deviates from China s national conditions and public opinion.The debate on the death penalty in Europe and America reveals that we should be alert to the infiltration of value on the death penalty issue,strengthen China s position on the death penalty issue from China s actual conditions and promote the reform of the death penalty in China with a broader vision.

关 键 词：死刑废除 欧洲 美国 死刑人权话语 美国死刑例外论 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]