电子显微技术在昆虫学研究中的应用及进展  

Application and advances of electron microscopy techniques in insect research

作　　者：郭子坤 张国云 李怡萍[1] 袁向群[1] Guo Zikun;Zhang Guoyun;Li Yiping;Yuan Xiangqun(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期36-47,共12页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32270486)。

摘　　要：本文概述了电子显微镜的结构、分类与用途,并简介透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、反射电子显微镜和发射电子显微镜的工作原理,综述电子显微技术在昆虫触角、单眼与复眼、口器、发声器、外生殖器、不同虫态体表特征、内部器官、分类以及病理学等方面的应用与研究进展。基于对已有文献的综合分析,提出建议:在条件许可的情况下,今后的昆虫学研究应拓展视野,引入冷冻电子显微镜技术;开发可对活体昆虫进行电子显微学观察的技术与方法,使研究工作更加切合实际;在注重超微结构研究的同时,协同采用电化学、酶学与放射性示踪等技术手段,探明昆虫各种感器、发声器、生殖器超微结构与生理功能的关系,为有害昆虫的综合防控与资源昆虫的开发利用提供支持。This review provided a comprehensive overview of the structure,classification,and applications of electron microscopy(EM)techniques.It introduced the working principles of key EM methods,including transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),reflection electron microscopy(REM),and emission electron microscopy(EEM).Building on this foundation,the review further explored the applications and advancements of EM techniques in the study of insect antennae,simple and compound eyes,mouthparts,sound-producing organs,external genitalia,surface characteristics at different developmental stages,internal organs,as well as their taxonomy and pathology.Based on a comprehensive analysis of existing literature,several suggestions were proposed:under favorable conditions,future entomological research should expand its scope to incorporate cryo-electron microscopy;develop methods for observing live insects using EM to enhance the practicality of research;and while focusing on ultrastructural studies,integrate techniques such as electrochemistry,enzymology,and radioactive tracing to elucidate the relationship between the ultrastructure and physiological functions of various insect sensory organs,sound-producing structures,and genitalia.This approach provided valuable insights for the integrated management of harmful insects and the development and utilization of beneficial insect resources.

关 键 词：电子显微学 技术 昆虫学 应用及进展 

分 类 号：Q96[生物学—昆虫学] TB302.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]