定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采负压变化规律及监测控制技术研究进展  

Research progress on variation pattern and monitoring control technology of negative pressure for gas drainage in directional long borehole

作　　者：李泉新[1,2] 程卓尔 方俊 牟全斌 刘飞 丛琳 LI Quanxin;CHENG Zhuoer;FANG Jun;MOU Quanbin;LIU Fei;CONG Lin(China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学研究总院,北京100013 [2]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2024年第11期171-182,共12页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2023-JCZD-32);中国煤炭科工集团创新创业基金重点项目(2023-2-TD-ZD002);陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2022TD-02)。

摘　　要：【意义】近水平定向长钻孔是煤矿瓦斯灾害防治的重要技术途径和有效手段,负压是影响定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采效果的重要因素。【进展】从孔内负压衰减机制与分布规律、瓦斯抽采参数监测技术、瓦斯抽采智能调控系统等3个方面系统总结了近水平定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采技术研究进展,其中在孔内负压衰减机制与分布规律方面,总结了负压对瓦斯抽采影响机制、负压衰减机制、负压分布规律等基础理论研究成果;在瓦斯抽采参数监测技术方面,基于不同原理,阐述了超声波式、激光式、孔板式、循环自激式等不同类型的孔口瓦斯监测仪器现状,以及以束管法为主的孔内瓦斯监测手段;在瓦斯抽采智能调控系统方面,介绍了瓦斯抽采智能调控理念与技术装备研究上取得的成果,以负压、流量、浓度等抽采参数为分析调控对象,基于智能算法与PLC控制技术,初步实现井下管网智能调控,提高了瓦斯抽采效率。【展望】指出当前研究存在定向长钻孔内负压变化规律不清、正负压耦合作用机制不明,缺乏孔内长距离的瓦斯抽采参数监测手段和瓦斯多参数监测方法,瓦斯抽采调控系统智能化程度低等不足。同时提出瓦斯抽采定向长钻孔研究的未来发展趋势,包括基于定向长钻孔特殊结构分析的负压抽采与正压扩散耦合机制、基于光纤传感的孔内瓦斯多参数监测系统、基于机器学习的瓦斯抽采参数精细调控方法等研究方向,为近水平定向长钻孔瓦斯治理工程设计、施工、抽采与效果评价提供支撑。[Significance]Near-horizontal directional long borehole is an important technical approach and effective means for preventing and controlling the gas disasters of coal mine.Negative pressure is an important factor affecting the gas drainage effect of directional long borehole.[Advances]Herein,the research progress on gas drainage through near-horizontal directional long borehole was systematically summarized from three aspects:the attenuation mechanism and distribution law of negative pressure in the borehole,gas drainage parameter monitoring technology,and intelligent control system for gas drainage.Regarding the attenuation mechanism and distribution law of negative pressure in the borehole, the basic theoretical research results concerning the impact of negative pressure on gas drainage, negative pressureattenuation mechanism, and the distribution law of negative pressure were summarized. In terms of gas drainageparameter monitoring technology, the current status of different types of gas monitoring instruments in the borehole, includingthe ultrasonic, laser, orifice plate, and recirculating self-excited types, as well as the borehole gas monitoringmethods based on the beam tube method, was elaborated. Regarding the intelligent control system for gas drainage, theachievements in the research on the concept and technical equipment of gas drainage intelligent control were introduced.With the drainage parameters such as negative pressure, flow rate, and concentration as the analysis and control objects,and based on intelligent algorithms and PLC control technology, preliminary achievements have been made in the intelligentcontrol of underground pipeline networks, thus improving the efficiency of gas drainage. [Prospects] The currentdeficiencies in the research were pointed out in the article, including the unclear variation patterns of negative pressurewithin directional long boreholes, the unclear mechanism of positive and negative pressure coupling effects, the lack oflong-distance gas drainage parameter monito

关 键 词：瓦斯抽采 定向长钻孔 负压 参数监测 智能调控系统 煤矿 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]