石家庄市夏季短时强降水特征及其影响因子  

Characteristics of Flash Heavy Rainfall Events in Summer in Shijiazhuang and Their Impact Factors

作　　者：钤伟妙[1,2] 吴璐 李国翠[1] 曹越[1] 李禧亮 Qian Weimiao;Wu Lu;Li Guocui;Cao Yue;Li Xiliang(Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050081,China;Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Henan Climate Center,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市气象局,石家庄050081 [2]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,石家庄050021 [3]河南省气候中心,郑州450003

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2024年第6期28-36,共9页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题(2023LASW-B02);河北省气象局面上项目(20ky14、22ky10、23ky14);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J025);河南省气象局复盘总结专项(KF202442)。

摘　　要：利用2013—2020年6—8月石家庄市215个地面加密自动气象站逐小时降水资料,采用数理统计学方法对其夏季短时强降水事件(flash heavy rainfall events,FHR events)和暴雨的精细化分布特征及影响因子进行研究。结果发现,石家庄夏季FHR events具有西部山区发生频次少,高频区分散且局地性强的特点。[200,600)m自动气象站分布在FHR events高频区的比例最大,600 m以上山地发生频次减少。山地高频区与山体走向和地形坡度有关。山地FHR events较平原持续时长长,但小时降水强度小。63.6%的暴雨日伴随FHR events发生,随着地形高度增加和暴雨日发生频次减少,有FHR events发生的暴雨日比例下降。短时强降水逐时发生站次随降水强度增大而骤减,60 mm·h^(-1)以上短时强降水日变化不明显。短时强降水平均小时降水强度日变化呈多峰型。石家庄FHR events高频区局地性强,发生于弱天气尺度强迫型下的FHR events为预报的难点,其地理环境及本地特征的影响有待深入分析。Using the hourly rainfall data observed at added times by 215 encryption automatic weather stations in Shijiazhuang from June to August in 2013 to 2020 and the mathematical and statistical methods,this article analyzes the fine-scale characteristics of flash heavy rainfall(FHR)events and rainstorm in summer as well as the impact factors.It is found that the summer FHR events in Shijiazhuang have the characteristics of less frequency,scattered high frequency area and strong locality.The proportion of automatic weather stations on the slopes of[200,600)m in the high-frequency areas of FHR events is the largest,and the occurrence frequency of FHR events in mountain areas above 600 m height is reduced.The High-frequency areas of FHR events are related to mountain orientation and topographic slope.The duration of FHR events in mountain areas is longer than those in plain,but the hourly rainfall intensity is weaker than in plain.In Shijiazhuang,63.6%of rainstorm days are accompanied with FHR events,and the proportion of rainstorm days with FHR events descends with the increase of terrain height and reduction of rainstorm days.The number of flash heavy rainfall stations decreases rapidly with the enhancement of hourly rainfall intensity,but the diurnal variation of the number of stations with flash heavy rainfall above 60 mm·h^(-1)is not obvious.The average hourly rainfall intensity shows a diurnal variation of multiple peaks.The high-frequency areas of FHR events in Shijiazhuang have strong local characteristics.FHR events occurring under weak synoptic-scale forcing are difficult to forecast,and their geographical environment and local characteristics need to be further analyzed.

关 键 词：地面加密自动气象站 短时强降水 小时降水强度 地形高度 

分 类 号：P426.613[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]