驻马店市2016—2020年暖季极端短时强降水天气分型与物理量特征  

Synoptic Classification and Physical Characteristics of Extreme Short-time Heavy Precipitation in Zhumadian During the Warm Season of 2016-2020

作　　者：贾浩松 王璐璐 Jia Haosong;Wang Lulu(Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,CMA,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Zhumadian Meteorological Office of Henan Province,Zhumadian 463000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 [2]驻马店市气象局,河南驻马店463000

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2024年第6期37-45,共9页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室应用技术研究基金项目(KQ202440);河南省科技研发计划联合基金(应用攻关类)项目(242103810097)。

摘　　要：利用常规高空、地面气象观测资料和ERA5再分析资料,分析了2016—2020年暖季(4—9月)驻马店市极端短时强降水的时空变化特征,并对其进行天气背景分型与物理量特征诊断。结果表明:极端短时强降水多发在7月到8月,日变化呈三峰型,在每日16—18时、00时、05—07时较多发,而小时雨强80 mm/h以上的极端短时强降水多发在00时,且在驻马店市中东部的平原地区较为多发。根据主观分型和K均值聚类客观分型相结合的方法,将驻马店市极端短时强降水分为低槽低涡切变型、副高影响型、地面冷锋型、西北气流型和台风倒槽型5种,雨强80 mm/h以上的极端短时强降水发生在前3种天气型下。对每种天气型的物理量诊断结果表明,低槽低涡切变型低层水汽通量最大,地面冷锋型环境场高湿,而西北气流型层结偏干,只有近地面露点相对较大。各天气型均有一定的不稳定能量。低槽低涡切变型整层动力条件均最强,地面冷锋型的低层动力条件较强,而其余3型的动力条件相对较弱。各型0℃层高度除低槽低涡切变型外,其余各天气型平均值均在5.4 km以上。将本研究统计的极端短时强降水物理量平均值与张一平等统计的淮河上游地区短时强降水的物理量平均值进行了对比,除CAPE偏高1倍较为明显外,其余物理量差异均不明显。According to the upper-air and surface observation data and the ERA5 reanalysis data,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of extreme short-time heavy precipitation in Zhumadian in the warm season(April-September)of 20162020 are analyzed,and the weather background classification and physical quanitity characteristics are diagnozed.The results show that the extreme short-time heavy precipitation occurs mostly in July and August,and its daily variation is in a three-peak pattern.It occurs more frequently from 16:00 to 18:00,at 00:00,and from 05:00 to 07:00 every day.The extremely short-time severe precipitation with an hourly rainfall intensity exceeding 80 mm/h appears more at 00:00,mostly in the plain in central and eastern Zhumadian.According to the combination of subjective classification and K-means clustering objective classification,extreme short-time heavy precipitation in Zhumadian is divided into five synoptic types,i.e.,the low trough,low eddy and shear combined effect type,the subtropical high influence type,the surface cold front type,the northwesterly flow type and the typhoon inverted trough type.The extreme short-time heavy precipitation exceeding 80 mm/h tends to occur under the condition of first three synoptic types.According to the physical quantity diagnosis of the synoptic types,the low trough,low eddy and shear combined effect type has the largest water vapor flux in the lower tropasphere,the surface cold front type has high humidity in the ambient field,and the northwesterly flow type has drier stratification with relatively larger dew point on the surface.Each weather type has a certain degree of unstable energy.The dynamic conditions of the low trough,low eddy and shear combined effect type is the strongest in the whole layer,the low-level dynamic conditions of the surface cold front type are stronger,while the dynamic conditions of the other three types are relatively weaker.The 0℃layer height of each type,except for the low trough,low eddy and shear combined effect type,is

关 键 词：极端短时强降水 时空分布 天气分型 物理量特征 

分 类 号：P426.611[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]