鱼类游泳能力综述:游泳速度、代谢成本及影响因素  

Reviews on swimming performance of fish:swimming speeds,metabolic costs,and influencing factors

作　　者：曾玉红[1] 杨帆[1] 常剑波 郭文韬 ZENG Yuhong;YANG Fan;CHANG Jianbo;GUO Wentao(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国长江三峡集团有限公司中华鲟研究所,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第11期1-9,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52379078);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204202);武汉大学-昆山杜克大学联合科研平台种子基金支持计划(XXWHDKUZZJJ202314)。

摘　　要：了解鱼类的游泳能力对于鱼类资源保护和提升鱼类物种多样性有重要作用。关于鱼类游泳速度和代谢成本指标的研究结果表明,鱼类有氧游动和无氧游动之间既存在种内关系,也存在种间关系。通过回顾以往鱼类游泳能力相关研究,找出游泳速度、代谢成本和以温度、紊流为代表的外部影响因素的一般关系。结果表明:①鱼类游泳速度随着摆尾频率的增加而增加,而游泳速度、摆尾幅度和步长之间的关系尚未达成共识。②耗氧率和运输净成本均随鱼类游泳速度的增加呈指数或幂指数增加,而运输成本随游泳速度的增加呈“J”形指数关系。③随着温度的升高,临界游泳速度会呈现“钟”形或二次多项式曲线的变化趋势,相似地,耗氧率的变化也呈“钟”形曲线。④紊流对鱼类个体游泳能力的影响取决于涡体尺寸和鱼体大小的相对大小,对于鱼群的影响则取决于鱼群间个体间距、摆尾相位差和斯特罗哈数。Understanding swimming performance of fish is crucial for the protection of fisheries resources and the improvement of fish species diversity.Research about swimming speeds and metabolic costs indicates that there are both intraspecific and interspecific relationships between aerobic and anaerobic swimming in fish.By reviewing previous studies on fish swimming ability,we aim to identify a general relationship between swimming speed,metabolic costs,and external influencing factors such as temperature and turbulence.The results show that:①Swimming speeds of fish increase with tail beat frequencies,while no consensus has been reached regarding swimming speeds,tail beat amplitudes,and stride lengths.②Both rate of oxygen consumption and net costs of transport increase with swimming speeds at exponential or power levels,while costs of transport show a J-shaped trend.③As the temperature increases,the critical swimming speeds display a bell-shaped or quadratic polynomial curve.Similarly,the changes in rate of oxygen consumption also show a bell-shaped curve.④The influence of turbulence on the swimming performance of fish individuals depends on the relative relationship between vortex sizes and fish body lengths,while the collective behaviors of fish schools rely on the spacings among individuals,phase differences in tail beats,and on the Strouhal number.

关 键 词：鱼类游泳能力 鱼类游泳速度 代谢成本 温度 紊流 生态水力学 

分 类 号：S956[农业科学—水产养殖]