《第三次全国土壤普查暂行土壤分类系统》土类检索系统构建  

A Retrieval System for Great Soil Groups from China’s Provisional Soil Classification System for the 3rd National Soil Census

作　　者：龙怀玉[1] 卢昌艾[1] 冀宏杰[1] 张认连[1] LONG HuaiYu;LU ChangAi;JI HongJie;ZHANG RenLian(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第21期4264-4275,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0200)。

摘　　要：【目的】国务院第三次全国土壤普查领导小组办公室(简称国务院三普办)2023年下发了《第三次全国土壤普查暂行分类系统(试行)》(简称《三普暂行分类》),但没有建立检索系统。为在土壤调查过程中避免发生同土异名、同名异土问题,特构建土类检索系统。【方法】依据农业重要性优先、确名先易后难、涵义先窄后宽、类型相似集中、体现土壤空间演变和发育规律等检索秩序原则,通过引用已有的诊断层/诊断特性、修改已有的诊断层/诊断特性、简洁化描述性语句、归纳特征土层等方法,从《三普暂行分类》土类划分依据中提炼各个土类的检索指标,构建土类检索系统。【结果】建立了包含《三普暂行分类》中62个土类的检索系统,检索秩序依次为:1工程土、2水稻土、3菜园土、4灌淤土、5灌漠土、6碱土、7寒原盐土、8漠境盐土、9酸性硫酸盐土、10滨海盐土、11草甸盐土、12火山灰土、13寒冻土、14紫色土、15磷质石灰土、16石质土、17粗骨土、18龟裂土、19新积土、20风沙土、21黄绵土、22红黏土、23石灰(岩)土、24白浆土、25灰化土、26棕色针叶林土、27暗棕壤、28棕壤、29黄棕壤、30黄褐土、31灰色森林土、32黑土、33灰褐土、34褐土、35燥红土、36黑钙土、37栗钙土、38栗褐土、39黑垆土、40棕钙土、41灰钙土、42灰漠土、43灰棕漠土、44棕漠土、45山地草甸土、46林灌草甸土、47砂姜黑土、48草甸土、49潮土、50沼泽土、51泥炭土、52砖红壤、53赤红壤、54红壤、55黄壤、56黑毡土、57草毡土、58寒钙土、59冷钙土、60冷棕钙土、61寒漠土、62冷漠土、63类型待定土。【结论】总体上,《三普暂行分类》的土类是可以通过剖面形态、土壤理化性质建立起检索指标的,但是高山土纲的多数土类没有完全遵循整个分类系统的分类原则,彼此之间难以从剖面形态和土壤理化性【Objective】The State Council’s Office of the Leading Group for the 3rd National Soil Census released China’s Provisional Soil Classification System for the 3rd National Soil Census(Trial),abbreviated as 3PSC-T,in 2023,without retrieval system,which is unable to address long-standing questions such as“one soil having multiple names”and“different soils sharing the same name”.Therefore,the retrieval system for great soil groups need be built.【Method】The retrieval indicators for each great soil group were extracted from the soil classification basis in 3PSC-T by using multiple methods,such as referring to existing diagnostic horizons and characteristics,refining existing diagnostic horizons and characteristics,simplifying descriptive statements,and inducting characteristic soil layers.Four principles for retrieval order were set up,which included prioritizing the importance of agriculture,prioritizing ease over difficulty in identification,narrowing down meaning,clustering similar types,and reflecting the spatial evolution and development patterns of soil.【Result】Consequently,the retrieval system for 62 great soil groups in 3PSC-T was established,and the retrieval order was:1 Artificial soils,2 Paddy soils,3 Vegetable cultivated soils,4 Irrigation silting soils,5 Irrigated desert soils,6 Solonetzs,7 Frigid plateau solonchaks,8 Desert solonchaks,9 Acid sulphate soils,10 Coastal solonchaks,11 Meadow solonchaks,12 Volcanic soils,13 Frigid frozen soils,14 Purplish soils,15 Phospho-calcic soils,16 Lithosols,17 Skeletal soils,18 Takyr,19 Neo-alluvial soils,20 Aeolian soils,21 Loessial soils,22 Red primitive soils,23 Limestone soils,24 Bleached baijiang soils,25 Podzolic soils,26 Brown coniferous forest soils,27 Dark-brown earths,28 Brown earths,29 Yellow-brown earths,30 Yellow-cinnamon soils,31 Gray forest soils,32 Black soils,33 Gray-cinnamon soils,34 Cinnamon soils,35 Torrid red soils,36 Chernozems,37 Castanozems,38 Castano-cinnamon soils,39 Black loessial soils,40 Brown calcic soils,41 Sierozems,

关 键 词：第三次全国土壤普查 土壤分类 土类检索系统 

分 类 号：S155[农业科学—土壤学]