煤矸石生态修复利用及其重金属污染防控研究进展  

A critical review on the ecological restoration utilization and prevention and control of heavy metal pollution of coal gangue

作　　者：郭佳琪 刘冠男[1,2] 张长青 牛之建[1] 牛向龙 GUO Jiaqi;LIU Guannan;ZHANG Changqing;NIU Zhijian;NIU Xianglong(MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources,Beijing 101300,China;Institute of Mineral Resources Research,China Metallurgical Geology Bureau,Beijing 101300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所、自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037 [2]尾矿资源化综合利用工程创新中心,北京101300 [3]中国冶金地质总局矿产资源研究院,北京101300

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第11期18-27,共10页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国冶金地质总局重点前沿性科研项目计划资助(编号:CMGBKY202403);中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所基本科研业务费项目资助(编号:KK2109,KK2422)。

摘　　要：煤矸石是我国大宗固废之一,其堆存占用了大量土地资源,同时长期堆存可产生地质灾害、环境污染等一系列生态环境问题,严重制约了煤炭行业的可持续发展。煤矸石大规模消纳迫在眉睫,而煤矸石生态修复利用是实现煤矸石大规模消纳的有效途径。本文综述了国内外煤矸石中的元素和矿物组分、煤矸石生态修复利用技术、煤矸石生态修复利用中重金属释放风险及其污染防控措施,并提出了煤矸石生态修复安全利用建议。煤矸石中富含氮、磷、钾和有机质等营养元素和物质,且矿物以石英和黏土矿物为主,可为煤矸石生态修复利用提供必要的物质基础。煤矸石可通过填沟造地和制备植生基质实现煤矸石生态修复利用。但部分煤矸石中重金属和硫含量高,存在产酸和重金属释放风险,使大规模生态修复利用受到了一定的制约。微生物技术、氧化菌抑制技术及重金属钝化技术等技术手段可有效控制煤矸石中重金属释放。针对重金属和硫含量高的煤矸石,需加强对煤矸石生态修复利用过程中重金属的环境行为研究,同时研发物理、化学和微生物多途径联用技术,抑制产酸和重金属释放,实现煤矸石生态修复安全利用。同时加强监测煤矸石生态修复过程中重金属的潜在生态环境风险,实现煤矸石生态修复安全利用。Coal gangue is a major industrial solid waste in China,which occupies a large amount of land and causes a serious ecological issues,such as geological disaster and environmental pollution.The extensive accumulation of coal gangue poses a significant constraint on the sustainable development of the coal industry.Therefore,it is urgent to find large-scale disposal methods for coal gangue.The ecological restoration utilization of coal gangue is an effective way to achieve large-scale disposal.The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the constituents and minerals in coal gangue,as well as the ecological restoration utilization technologies employed for the material.The release risk of heavy metals during the ecological restoration utilization processes,and prevention and control of heavy metal pollution are also discussed.Furthermore,some valuable recommendations for ensuring the safe utilization of coal gangue in ecological restoration are proposed.Coal gangue is comprised of sand and clay minerals,containing abundant N,P,K,organic matter,and other nutrients that serve as essential material foundation for ecological restoration utilization of coal gangue.Coal gangue can be utilized for ecological restoration utilization through backfill ditches and create land while also serving as a soilfunctional planting substrate.However,the presence of high levels of heavy metals and sulfur in certain coal gangue samples presents a potential environmental risk associated with the release of heavy metals,thereby impeding the ecological restoration utilization of coal gangue.The use of techniques such as microbial technology,oxidation inhibition technology,and immobilization technology of heavy metals can effectively control the release of heavy metals in coal gangue.The environmental behavior of heavy metals during the process of ecological restoration utilization of coal gangue,which contains high levels of heavy metals and sulfur,should be further investigated to ensure its ecological restoration utilization.Integrated t

关 键 词：煤矸石 生态修复 重金属 污染防控 植生基质 

分 类 号：TD98[矿业工程—选矿] TU459.2[建筑科学—岩土工程]