宁夏干旱区石灰岩矿山废弃地土壤改良及修复植物优选  

Soil amelioration and restorative plant optimization for wasteland of limestone mine sites in arid region of Ningxia

作　　者：郭源上 何明珠 韩国君[1] 龚晨琛 候国文 杨晓兵 臧龙飞 GUO Yuanshang;HE Mingzhu;HAN Guojun;GONG Chenchen;HOU Guowen;YANG Xiaobing;ZANG Longfei(College of Resources and Environment,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《植物资源与环境学报》2024年第6期44-55,共12页Journal of Plant Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960631);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEG02008)。

摘　　要：为探索干旱区石灰岩矿山废弃地的生态修复方式,设置砂-土-有机肥(体积比2∶1∶1)、砂-土-复合肥(体积比2∶1∶1)、砂-土(体积比2∶1)、土-有机肥(体积比9∶1)4种土壤基质及柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、细枝羊柴〔Corethrodendron scoparium(Fisch.et C.A.Mey.)Fisch.et Basiner〕、四翼滨藜〔Atriplex canescens(Pursh)Nutt.〕、沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum Turcz.)、蒙古莸(Caryopteris mongholica Bunge)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov)、短穗柽柳(Tamarix laxa Willd.)7种修复植物,对土壤理化性质及植物生长指标、叶片光合和叶绿素荧光指标进行比较,并利用主成分分析筛选最佳生态修复模式。结果显示:不同土壤基质方面,砂-土-有机肥的pH值、有机质含量和有效磷含量最高,土-有机肥的含水量、电导率和速效钾含量最高;砂-土-有机肥中四翼滨藜的新生枝月相对生长速率最高,砂-土-复合肥中四翼滨藜的株高和树冠面积最大;土-有机肥中四翼滨藜叶片的光补偿点最高但光饱和点和最大光合速率最低,砂-土-有机肥中四翼滨藜叶片的净光合速率、非光化学猝灭系数和最大光量子产量基本上显著(P<0.05)高于其他土壤基质;主成分分析筛选出的最优土壤基质为砂-土-有机肥。不同修复植物方面,短穗柽柳根际土壤的pH值、有机质含量、碱解氮含量和有效磷含量最高,柠条锦鸡儿根际土壤的电导率和速效钾含量最高;四翼滨藜的新生枝月相对生长速率显著高于其他植物;沙拐枣叶片的暗呼吸速率、光补偿点和最大光量子产量基本上显著高于其他植物,白刺叶片的表观量子效率显著高于其他植物,柠条锦鸡儿叶片的光饱和点最高且实际光量子产量和表观电子传递速率整体上显著高于其他植物,四翼滨藜叶片的最大光合速率和净光合速率基本上显著高于其他植物,细枝羊柴叶片的蒸腾速率和胞间CO_(2)浓度整体上显�To explore ecological restoration methods for wasteland of limestone mine sites in arid region,four soil substrates viz.sand-soil-organic fertilizer(volume ratio of 2∶1∶1),sand-soil-compound fertilizer(volume ratio of 2∶1∶1),sand-soil(volume ratio of 2∶1),and soil-organic fertilizer(volume ratio of 9∶1)and seven restorative plants viz.Caragana korshinskii Kom.,Corethrodendron scoparium(Fisch.et C.A.Mey.)Fisch.et Basiner,Atriplex canescens(Pursh)Nutt.,Calligonum mongolicum Turcz.,Caryopteris mongholica Bunge,Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov,and Tamarix laxa Willd.were established.The soil physicochemical properties and plant growth indexes,leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence indexes were compared.Moreover,principal component analysis was employed to screen the optimal ecological restoration model.The results indicate that,among different soil substrates,the sand-soil-organic fertilizer exhibits the highest pH value,organic matter content,and available phosphorus content,and the soil-organic fertilizer exhibits the highest water content,electric conductivity,and available potassium content;the monthly relative growth rate of new shoots of A.canescens is the highest in the sand-soil-organic fertilizer,while the height and canopy area of A.canescens are the highest in the sand-soil-compound fertilizer;the light compensation point is the highest,while the light saturation point and maximum photosynthetic rate are the lowest of A.canescens leaves in the soil-organic fertilizer;the net photosynthetic rate,non-photochemical quenching coefficient,and maximum light quantum yield of A.canescens leaves in the sand-soil-organic fertilizer are significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the other soil substrates;the principal component analysis result indicates that the sand-soil-organic fertilizer is the optimal soil substrate.Among different restorative plants,the pH value,organic matter content,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,and available phosphorus content are the highest in the rhizosphere soil of T

关 键 词：干旱区 石灰岩矿山 生态修复 土壤改良 修复植物 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学] Q948.113[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53