氮肥形态及用量对甜瓜生长、果实品质及硒积累的影响  

Effects of Form and Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth,Fruit Quality and Selenium Accumulation in Muskmelon

作　　者：张慧娜 韦康朋 韦珍艳 ZHANG Huina;WEI Kangpeng;WEI Zhenyan(Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业职业技术大学,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《广西农学报》2024年第4期6-14,共9页Journal of Guangxi Agriculture

基　　金：广西农业科技自筹经费项目(Z202017)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同氮肥形态及用量对甜瓜生长、果实品质及硒积累的影响,以“博洋61号”薄皮甜瓜为试验材料,采用盆栽的方法,研究了甜瓜在铵态氮、硝态氮及酰胺态氮肥三种不同氮肥、不同施用量下的生长状况、果实品质及硒的积累情况。结果表明:在低氮量硝态氮肥处理下甜瓜生长势、叶绿素含量均最低,衰老较快;高氮量硝态氮肥处理的甜瓜生长势、叶绿素含量均前期高后期低;施用高氮量铵态氮肥和低氮量的酰胺态氮肥能使甜瓜保持较高的光合速率;同一施氮水平下,施用铵态氮肥的MDA含量高于酰胺态氮肥;高氮量硝态氮肥和铵态氮肥处理,甜瓜叶片中的铵态氮含量较多,硝态氮处理叶片中的硝态氮含量在甜瓜生育前期多、后期少;低氮量硝态氮肥处理的果实品质表现最差,高氮量酰胺态氮肥处理的果实甜度不高,可溶性蛋白含量和维生素C含量低;硝态氮肥处理的甜瓜果实中总硒含量最大,铵态氮肥处理的居中,酰胺态氮肥处理的最小,三种类型氮肥均表现为高氮量处理的总硒含量小,低氮量的含量大。综上,甜瓜富硒栽培应优先选用铵态氮肥,同时施氮量不宜过高。In order to study the effects of different forms and amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on muskmelon growth,fruit quality,and selenium accumulation,"Boyang 61"thin-skinned muskmelon was used as a test material.The growth status,fruit quality,and selenium accumulation of muskmelon were studied under low and high application amounts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer,nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and amide nitrogen fertilizer by the pot planting method.The results showed that the growth potential of muskmelon was weak when nitrate nitrogen fertilizer with low nitrogen content was applied,but the growth potential of muskmelon was slow in the early stage and fast in the later stage when amide nitrogen fertilizer with high nitrogen content was applied.There was little difference in other treatments.Applying ammonium nitrogen fertilizer with high nitrogen content and amide nitrogen fertilizer with low nitrogen content can keep a high photosynthetic rate.The chlorophyll content of melons treated with low nitrogen nitrate nitrogen fertilizer was the lowest,while the chlorophyll content of melons treated with high nitrogen nitrate nitrogen fertilizer was high in the early stages and low in the late stages.The ammonium nitrogen content in the leaves of muskmelon was higher under the treatment of high nitrogen nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer,but the nitrate nitrogen content in the leaves of muskmelon treated with nitrate nitrogen was higher in the early stages and lower in late stages of growth.Muskmelon senescence was faster when nitrate nitrogen fertilizer with low nitrogen content was applied.Under the same nitrogen application level,the MDA content with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer was higher than that with amide nitrogen fertilizer.The single fruit weight treated with nitrate nitrogen fertilizer with low nitrogen content was small,the soluble protein content and vitamin content were low,the organic acid content was high,and the quality was relatively poor.Although the single fruit weight treated wit

关 键 词：甜瓜 氮肥 富硒栽培 品质 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]