光催化、电场、磁场耦合垂直流人工湿地对生活污水的处理效果及微生物群落组成特征  

Treatment Effects of Photocatalytic, Electric and Magnetic Field CoupledVertical Flow Artificial Wetland on Domestic Wastewater and Characteristicsof Microbial Community Composition

作　　者：伏川东 刘云根[1,2] 马荣 熊烈钞 彭丽萍 卢秀秀 文明发 FU Chuan-dong;LIU Yun-gen;MA Rong;XIONG Lie-chao;PENG Li-ping;LU Xiu-xiu;WEN Ming-fa(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous and Rural Areas of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China;Deyuan Lüchuang Environmental Protection Technology of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室,昆明650224 [3]云南德源绿创环保科技有限公司,昆明650224

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2024年第30期13218-13228,共11页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：云南省科技厅计划重点项目(202301AS070042);云南省科技厅科技计划面上项目(202201AT070048)。

摘　　要：为提高人工湿地对生活污水中污染物的有效去除,强化工艺耦合人工湿地已成为近年来的研究热点,通过构建的光催化、电场、磁场耦合垂直流人工湿地,探究该人工湿地对污水中化学需氧量(COD_(cr))、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总磷(TP)和正磷(PO_(4)^(3)-P)的去除效果,分析了各单元微生物群落的组成特征。结果表明:加入光催化、电场、磁场后,COD_(cr)、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TP和PO_(4)^(3)-P的去除率分别是71.1%、95.5%、54.3%、52.4%,可提高对COD_(cr)、NH_(4)^(+)-N的去除效果,与普通人工湿地相比,COD_(cr)的去除率可提高8.6%~22.4%,NH_(4)^(+)-N去效率可提高6.3%~30.0%,未能提高TP和PO_(4)^(3)-P的去除效果;光催化单元促进了光能异养微生物蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、集球藻菌纲(Synechococcophycideae)、绿丝菌属(Chloronema)的生长代谢,提升了嗜热型微生物纤发鞘丝蓝细菌属(Leptolyngbya)的活性,电、磁场单元促进了脱氮除磷微生物变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的生长代谢,提升了硝化功能菌不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)的活性。可见,光催化、电场、磁场单元与垂直流人工湿地耦合后,可使光合异养细菌和除氮细菌的丰度增加,提升COD_(cr)、NH_(4)^(+)-N的去除效果,偏高的电、磁场强度可能影响到磷素的基质吸附沉淀作用。To enhance the effective removal of pollutants in domestic wastewater by constructed wetlands,the coupling of constructed wetlands with artificial wetlands has become a research hotspot in recent years.By constructing a photocatalytic,electric field,and magnetic field coupled vertical flow constructed wetland,the removal effects of COD_(cr),NH_(4)^(+)-N,TP,and PO_(4)^(3)-P in wastewater were explored,and the composition features of microbial communities in each unit were analyzed.The results show that after adding photocatalysis,electric field,and magnetic field,the removal rates of COD_(cr),NH_(4)^(+)-N,TP,and PO_(4)^(3)-P were 71.1%,95.5%,54.3%,and 52.4%,respectively,which can improve the removal effects of COD_(cr)and NH_(4)^(+)-N.Compared with the ordinary constructed wetland,the removal rate of COD_(cr)can be increased by 8.6%~22.4%,and the removal efficiency of NH_(4)^(+)-N can be increased by 6.3%~30.0%.However,the removal effects of TP and PO_(4)^(3)-P cannot be improved.The photocatalytic unit promotes the growth and metabolism of phototrophic microorganisms such as Cyanobacteria,Chloroflexi,Synechococcophycideae,and Chloronema,and enhances the activity of thermophilic microorganism Leptolyngbya.The electric and magnetic field units promote the growth and metabolism of denitrification and phosphorus removal microorganisms such as Proteobacteria,and enhance the activity of nitrification function bacteria Acinetobacter and Nitrospira.It can be seen that coupling the photocatalytic,electric field,and magnetic field units with the vertical flow constructed wetland can increase the abundance of photoautotrophic and denitrifying bacteria,enhance the removal effect of COD_(cr)and NH_(4)^(+)-N,and the excessively high electric and magnetic field strength may affect the adsorption and sedimentation of phosphorus.

关 键 词：光催化 电场 磁场 垂直流人工湿地 微生物组成 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]