基于五感体验的北京西山国家森林公园康养步道景观质量  

Landscape Quality of the Forest Healthcare Trail in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park Based on Five Senses Experience

作　　者：王月容 舒健骅 金莹杉 杜伟宁 胡雪凡 王茜 WANG Yue-rong;SHU Jian-hua;JIN Ying-shan;DU Wei-ning;HU Xue-fan;WANG Qian(Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市园林绿化科学研究院,北京100102

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2024年第31期13295-13303,共9页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32201621);北京市财政项目(11000024T000002866678);园林绿地生态功能评价与调控技术北京重点实验室青探项目(STQN202202);北京市自然科学基金面上项目(8192018)。

摘　　要：探究五感体验的不同康养步道景观综合质量及差异对步道的选址与设计规划尤为重要。选取北京西山国家森林公园康养步道中的覆盖空间、半开敞空间、开敞空间3种类型,9种不同周边植物空间群落结构配置模式[乔-灌-草(F)、乔-草(B)、灌-草或草(K)],并从触觉、嗅觉、视觉、听觉、味觉五感体验因子的秋季景观质量进行综合评价。结果表明:①秋季各步道嗅觉因子负离子浓度变化范围为650~1480个/cm^(3),平均负离子浓度排序为覆盖空间>半开敞空间>开敞空间>空白对照点。覆盖空间最高平均值浓度达1197个/cm^(3);②不同步道类型秋季触觉因子人体舒适度指数平均范围5.13~6.21,整体上达“较为舒适”等级(2级),部分时段达到了“舒适”等级(1级);③多数步道类型听觉因子功能区声环境声级值均为1类(50 dB以上),少数达0类(50 dB以下)标准声级值;④除个别开敞空间步道类型外,所有步道样点视觉因子绿视率均大于25%,最高覆盖空间类型达65%,符合对人体产生积极功效的要求;⑤味觉因子质量研究发现,均无可饮用水源与可食用野果,但设有休憩亭、观景台与自动售卖机等便利设施;⑥不同类型康养步道景观质量综合评价指数变化范围为0.9420~6.7847,排序为覆盖空间(乔-灌-草)>半开敞空间(乔-灌-草或乔-草)>开敞空间(灌-草或草),乔-灌-草的景观质量远远高于灌-草与纯草结构,今后设计步道应大力提倡此类型。Investigating the comprehensive quality and differences in five senses experience along different healthcare trails is particularly crucial for the selection and design planning of trails.Three types of covered space,semi-open space and open space in the healthcare trails of Beijing Xishan National Forest Park and 9 different configuration modes of spatial community structure of surrounding plants[trees-shrubs-grass(F),trees-grass(B),shrubs-grass or grass(K)]were selected and comprehensively evaluated the autumn landscape quality from the five sensory experience factors of touch,smell,vision,hearing and taste.Results show that as follows.For olfactory factors of each trail in autumn,the concentration of negative ions varied from 650~1480 cm-3,and the average concentration of negative ions is in the order of covered space>semi-open space>open space>blank control point,the highest average concentration in the covered space is 1197 cm-3.The average range of human comfort index of tactile factor of different trail types in autumn is 5.13~6.21,which reaches the“relatively comfortable”level(level 2)on the whole,and the“comfortable”level(level 1)in some periods;Most of the acoustic environmental sound level values in the functional areas of auditory factors of trail types are Class 1(above 50 dB),and a few reached Class 0(below 50 dB)standard sound level.Except for certain open space trail types,the green visual factor rate of most trail samples is more than 25%,with the highest rate reaching 65%in covered space types,meeting the requirements for generating positive effects on the human body;Through field investigation of taste factors,it is found that there is no drinking water source and edible wild fruit,but there are convenient facilities such as rest pavilions,viewing platforms and vending machines;The comprehensive evaluation index of landscape quality of different types of healthy trails ranged from 0.9420~6.7847,and the order is covered space(trees-shrubs-grass)>semi-open space(trees-shrubs-grass or tree

关 键 词：综合评价 康养步道 五感体验 群落结构 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]