深空探测任务中岩土力学若干问题及研究进展  

Some issues and research progress in rock and soil mechanics for deep space exploration missions

作　　者：潘鹏志[1,2] 王兆丰 封雨捷 李雨芯 PAN Peng-zhi;WANG Zhao-feng;FENG Yu-jie;LI Yu-xin(State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100043,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100043

出　　处：《岩土力学》2024年第11期3153-3172,共20页Rock and Soil Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.52125903)。

摘　　要：随着地球资源能源枯竭与深空探测技术的进步,世界各国纷纷规划了针对月球、火星、小行星等地外天体的诸多深空探测任务。抢占深空探测相关科技制高点至关重要,而保障深空探测任务圆满完成更是重中之重。梳理了世界各国近期深空探测任务的时间节点、任务目标和涉及的相关岩土力学与工程问题。地外天体岩土材料赋存于特殊重力、温度、辐射和大气环境,同时受流星体撞击等扰动的影响,与地球岩土材料相比有其特殊性。在文献调研的基础上,探讨了“四特一扰动”的赋存环境与特殊形成过程导致的地外天体岩土力学特性转变。基于当前深空探测任务规划,总结了任务中不同特定需求面临的若干岩土力学难题及研究进展,包括无人勘探与原位力学测试、极端环境试验平台搭建、极端环境岩土材料力学特性、工程机具与岩土相互作用、地外岩土原位资源利用,以期助力我国深空探测任务顺利开展和推动岩土力学向地外天体岩土力学方向拓展。As terrestrial resources and energy become increasingly scarce and advancements in deep space exploration technology progress,numerous countries have initiated plans for deep space missions targeting celestial bodies such as the Moon,Mars,and asteroids.Securing a leading position in deep space exploration technology is critical,and ensuring the successful completion of these missions is of paramount importance.This paper reviews the timelines,objectives,and associated geotechnical and engineering challenges of recent deep space exploration missions from various countries.Extraterrestrial geotechnical materials exist in unique environments characterized by special gravity,temperature,radiation,and atmospheric conditions,and are subject to disturbances such as meteoroid impacts.These factors contribute to significant differences from terrestrial geotechnical materials.Based on a thorough literature review,this paper investigates the transformation of geomechanical properties of extraterrestrial geological materials due to the distinctive environmental conditions,referred to as the"four unique characteristics and one disturbance",and their distinct formation processes.Considering current deep space mission plans,the paper summarizes the geotechnical challenges and research advancements addressing specific mission requirements.These include unmanned exploration and in-situ mechanical testing,construction of extreme environment test platforms,the mechanical properties of geotechnical materials under extreme conditions,the interaction between engineering equipment and geotechnical materials,and the in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial geotechnical resources.The goal is to support the successful execution of China’s deep space exploration missions and to promote the development of geomechanics towards extraterrestrial geomechanics.

关 键 词：深空探测 地外天体岩土力学 地外采样 资源利用 工程勘察 

分 类 号：TU443[建筑科学—岩土工程]