沼液对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的驱杀活性及对围食膜的影响  

Repellent and insecticidal effects of biogas slurry on Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)larvae and its influence on the peritrophic membrane

作　　者：皇甫佳一 况觅 李平[1,2] 高冬梅 彭翎凌[3] 郭萧 HUANGFU Jia-Yi;KUANG Mi;LI Ping;GAO Dong-Mei;PENG Ling-Ling;GUO Xiao(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Southwest Mountain Smart Agricultural Technology Key Laboratory(Co-construction by the Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chongqing 401329,China;Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 [2]农业农村部西南山地智慧农业技术重点实验室(部省共建),重庆401329 [3]重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆401120

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2024年第10期1364-1371,共8页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：重庆市农业科学院绩效激励引导专项(cqaas2022jxjl007);重庆市市级财政科研项目(cqaas2023sjczzd001,cqaas2023sjczqn024);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1197)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确沼液对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的防治效果及作用机制。【方法】牛粪发酵原料的沼液原液(BGS)(含铵沼液)、化学制剂氯化铵(NH4Cl)(708 mg/L)及除铵沼液(BGS-N)处理下草地贪夜蛾的行为选择及生长发育,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察幼虫围食膜结构。【结果】行为选择试验结果表明,BGS与NH4Cl对草地贪夜蛾幼虫均表现出极显著的驱避作用,草地贪夜蛾幼虫对BGS和NH4Cl的选择反应率分别为17.77%和22.16%,对BGS-N无显著行为响应,选择反应率为41.09%。BGS处理后,草地贪夜蛾幼虫存活率比对照(清水处理)显著降低,第10天时降低至38.67%,幼虫体重增量与对照相比显著降低32.84%,化蛹率显著降低35.12%,且这种杀虫活性与铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)有直接关系,NH4Cl处理同样表现出对草地贪夜蛾生长发育的抑制作用,幼虫体重增量与对照相比显著降低24.08%,化蛹率显著降低41.53%。而BGS-N对草地贪夜蛾生长发育无显著影响,幼虫体重增量与化蛹率和对照相比均无显著差异。同时利用盆栽防效试验验证了BGS的杀虫效果,BGS施用5 d后对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的防治效果超60%。BGS处理后,围食膜表面皱缩,不均匀增厚,NH4Cl也能导致围食膜结构异常。【结论】NH_(4)^(+)-N是沼液发挥驱杀作用的主要活性成分,NH_(4)^(+)-N对草地贪夜蛾幼虫围食膜物理结构的破坏是发挥其驱杀作用的生理因素之一。因此含NH_(4)^(+)-N沼液可作为草地贪夜蛾绿色防控药剂使用。【Aim】In order to clarify the control efficacy of biogas slurry on Spodoptera frugiperda,and its mode of action.【Methods】Under three treatments including original biogas slurry(BGS)based on cow dung(biogas slurry containing ammonium),chemical agent NH4Cl at the concentration of 708 mg/L and ammonium-removed biogas slurry(BGS-N),the selection behavior,and growth and development of S.frugiperda were determined,and the structure of peritrophic membrane(PM)of larvae was observed under scanning electron microscopy(SEM).【Results】Selection behavior result indicated that both BGS and NH4Cl showed extremely significant repellent effect on S.frugiperda larvae,and the selection response rates of S.frugiperda larvae to BGS and NH4Cl were 17.77%and 22.16%,respectively.However,S.frugiperda larvae showed no significant behavior response to BGS-N,with the selection response rate of 41.09%.BGS significantly decreased the survival rate of S.frugiperda larvae compared with the control treated with clear water,and the larval survival rate was 38.67%on the 10th day after treatment.Moreover,BGS significantly decreased the larval weight of S.frugiperda by 32.84%,and decreased the pupation rate by 35.12%,compared to the control.The insecticidal activity was directly related to ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N).NH4Cl treatment also showed inhibitory effects on the growth and development of S.frugiperda.NH4Cl significantly decreased the larval weight of S.frugiperda by 24.08%,and significantly decreased the pupation rate by 41.53%,compared to the control.However,BGS-N had no significant effect on the growth and development of S.frugiperda,and the increment of larval weight and the pupation rate of S.frugiperda did not differ significantly between BGS-N treatment and the control.Besides,pot assay also verified the insecticidal effect of BGS,and the control efficacy of BGS against the 2nd instar larvae of S.frugiperda was over 60%at 5 d after application.In addition,BGS caused the PM of S.frugiperda larvae to shrink and thicken une

关 键 词：草地贪夜蛾 沼液 铵态氮 驱杀作用 围食膜 

分 类 号：Q965.9[生物学—昆虫学]