立式加工中心龙门架的多步复合优化设计  

Multi-step compound optimization design of vertical machining center gantry frame

作　　者：李有堂[1] 候宗仁 LI Youtang;HOU Zongren(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学机电工程学院,兰州730050

出　　处：《现代制造工程》2024年第11期108-114,123,共8页Modern Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52365057,51965037)。

摘　　要：为了提高立式加工中心的静动态特性,通过模态分析与谐响应分析对机床整机进行薄弱环节的识别,发现龙门架结构设计不合理,导致机床在竖直方向存在较大变形。针对龙门架的不合理设计,对其采用拓扑优化与二维截面优化相结合的方法确定材料分布情况;并基于MOGA遗传算法,以龙门架质量、最大静变形量与第1阶固有频率为优化目标,对其关键尺寸进行多目标参数优化;再将优化结果与原型进行对比验证。结果表明,龙门架的最大静变形量减小了34.61%,质量减小了7.64%,第1阶固有频率提高了6.54%;整机在X、Y和Z这3个方向的最大振幅均有所降低,各波峰的位置均有不同程度的后移,提高了加工中心整机的静动态综合性能;验证了龙门架的优化效果。In order to improve the static and dynamic characteristics of vertical machining center,the weak link of machine tool was identified by modal analysis and harmonic response analysis,and it was found that the unreasonable design of the gantry frame structure leads to large deformation of the machine tool in the vertical direction.Aiming at the unreasonable design of the gantry frame,topological optimization and two-dimensional section optimization were used to determine the material distribution;based on MOGA genetic algorithm,the mass,maximum static deformation and first-order natural frequency of the gantry frame were taken as optimization objectives,and the key dimensions of gantry frame were optimized by multi-objective parameters;then,the optimization results were compared with the prototype.The results show that the maximum static deformation of the gantry is reduced by 34.61%,the mass is reduced by 7.64%,and the first-order natural frequency is increased by 6.54%;at the same time,the maximum amplitudes of the whole machine in the X,Y,and Z direction are reduced,and the position of each wave peak has different degrees of backward,the static and dynamic comprehensive performance of the machining center are improved;the optimization effect of gantry frame is verified.

关 键 词：龙门架 静动态分析 多步优化 多目标遗传算法 多目标参数优化 

分 类 号：TG542[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]