英国国家养老模式的缘起  被引量:1

The Origin of the State Pension Model in Britain

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作  者:赵秀荣[1] ZHAO Xiurong

机构地区:[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100086

出  处:《经济社会史评论》2024年第4期15-31,124,共18页Economic and Social History Review

基  金:国家社会科学基金重大项目“人类瘟疫史”(21&ZD241)的阶段性成果。

摘  要:在旧《济贫法》下,贫穷老人以居家养老为主,并通过打零工、子女赡养和教区救济维持生活。1834年新《济贫法》颁布后,更多贫穷老人不得不进入济贫院“养老”,但该机构并非为老年人设立,远非理想养老之地。19世纪末,英国政府开始系统性地应对贫穷老人的养老问题。1908年议会通过《养老金法》,由中央税收提供养老金,大大改善了贫穷老年人的生活状况,标志着国家开始承担起贫穷老人的养老责任。这既是英国福利国家构建的起点,也推动了社会文明的进程。Under the Elizabeth Poor Law,the elderly poor mainly relied on caring at home and maintained their livelihoods through odd jobs,children support,and parish relief.After the promulgation of the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834,more elderly poor had to go to the workhouse for care,but these institutions were not established for the elderly and were far from an ideal place for elderly caring.At the end of the 19th century,the British government began to systematically cope with the problem of elderly caring for the poor.In 1908,the Parliament passed the Old Age Pensions Act,which provided pensions from the state revenue and greatly improved the living conditions of the elderly poor.From then on,the British government began to take on the responsibility of caring for the elderly poor.This was not only the starting point for the construction of the welfare state in Britain,but also promoted the process of social civilization.

关 键 词:英格兰 贫穷老人 国家 养老 

分 类 号:D756.1[政治法律—政治学] D956.1[政治法律—中外政治制度] DD912.1

 

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