俄罗斯退出博洛尼亚进程的动因、争议及未来改革趋势  

Reasons for Russia's Withdrawal from the Bologna Process Controversies and Future Reform Trends

作　　者：任增元[1] 刘国慧 Ren Zengyuan;Liu Guohui(Institute of Higher Education,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学高等教育研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《沈阳师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第4期58-66,共9页Journal of Liaoning Educational Administration Institute

基　　金：吉林大学深入推进一流学科和一流大学建设研究项目(2023SYLZ01);吉林大学校本应用专题研究项目(2022XB03);吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目(2023CX155)。

摘　　要：2022年5月,俄罗斯宣布退出博洛尼亚进程,原因包括与欧洲政治关系持续紧张、对共生模式实效的质疑、实施过程中的困境与负面效应,以及与本国高等教育特色之间的冲突。这一决定引发广泛争议,涵盖新旧学制的选择、学科设置中同质化与特色保护的博弈、国际化进程中认可度提升与流动性受限的矛盾、学术评价中质与量、实质与形式的权衡等。展望未来,俄罗斯高等教育将立足传统优势,构建符合国情的自主发展体系,强化基础教育,系统规划新体系中本科与研究生教育的回归与创新、妥善处理过渡时期学历问题。深入剖析俄罗斯退出博洛尼亚进程的深层原因、争议焦点及后续改革路径,有助于为理解其高等教育迈向独立自主的新篇章提供全景式解读。In May 2022,Russia announced its withdrawal from the Bologna Process for reasons that included ongoing political tensions with Europe,questions about the effectiveness of the symbiosis model,dilemmas and negative effects of its implementation,and conflicts with the characteristics of its own higher education.The decision has triggered a wide range of controversies,including the choice between the old and the new academic systems,the game between homogenisation and the protection of characteristics in the establishment of academic disciplines,the contradiction between the increase of recognition and the restriction of mobility in the process of internationalisation,and the trade-off between the quality and quantity of academic evaluations and between the substance and the form of academic evaluations,and so on.Looking ahead,Russian higher education will build on its traditional strengths,construct an independent development system in line with national conditions,strengthen basic education,systematically plan the return and innovation of undergraduate and postgraduate education in the new system,and appropriately deal with the issue of academic qualifications during the transition period.This article provides a panoramic view of the reasons for Russia's withdrawal from the Bologna Process,the controversies and the path of subsequent reforms,in order to understand the new chapter of its higher education towards independence and autonomy.

关 键 词：博洛尼亚进程 俄罗斯高等教育 大学学术评价改革 

分 类 号：G649.1[文化科学—高等教育学]