我国65岁及以上老年人失能情况及影响因素研究——基于2018 CLHLS数据的分析  

Research on the Disability Situation and Influencing Factors of Elderly People Aged 65 and Over in China:Analysis Based on 2018 CLHLS Data

作　　者：李滨[1] 葛梦飞 LI Bin;GE Meng-fei(School of Law and Sociology,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学法学与社会学学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《重庆工商大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期130-141,共12页Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：重庆市研究生教育教学改革研究项目(yjg223107)“综融取向社会工作专业硕士(MSW)人才培养模式研究与实践”;重庆工商大学研究生科研创新项目(yjscxx2022-112-13)“重庆市城市社区居家老人失能预防的医务社会工作服务研究”。

摘　　要：了解我国老年人失能情况及其相关影响因素,是预防老年人失能,改善老年人生活质量的重要依据。因此,本研究基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,并利用工具性日常生活活动能力(IADL)量表对老年人失能进行判定,同时采用SPSS27.0对该数据进行分析和假设检验以后获取研究结果,研究表明:(1)个体特征对我国老年人失能具有显著性影响;(2)生活习惯对我国老年人失能具有显著影响;(3)经济状况对我国老年人失能具有显著影响;(4)精神健康对我国老年人失能具有显著影响。有鉴于此,从老年人自身、家庭和社会角度出发采取相关健康干预措施,加强健康教育和宣传,形成良好的健康意识和生活习惯,持续关注老年人心理健康,提高家庭照护者的照护能力很有必要。此外,完善老年政策制度和社会支持体系,注重老年人经济帮扶,提高老年人生活质量,才能从根本上降低失能风险。Understanding the disability situation of elderly people in China and its related influencing factors is an important basis for preventing disability and improving the quality of life of elderly people.Therefore,this study is based on data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and uses the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL)scale to determine the disability of elderly people.SPSS 27.0 was used to analyze the data and perform hypothesis testing to obtain research results.The research shows that:(1)individual characteristics have a significant impact on the disability of elderly people in China;(2)living habits have a significant impact on the disability of elderly people in China;(3)economic status has a significant impact on the disability of elderly people in China;(4)mental health has a significant impact on the disability of elderly people in China.In view of this,it is necessary to take relevant health intervention measures from the perspectives of the elderly themselves,families,and society,strengthen health education and promotion,form good health awareness and living habits,continuously pay attention to the mental health of the elderly,and improve the caregiving ability of family caregivers.In addition,improving policies and social support systems for the elderly,focusing on economic assistance for the elderly,and improving their quality of life can fundamentally reduce the risk of disability.

关 键 词：老年人 失能 IADL量表 CLHLS 影响因素分析 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学] D669.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]