宏基因组学检测技术在土壤微生物群落物种及功能多样性研究中的应用  

Application of Metagenomic Technique in the Study of Species and Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities

作　　者：栗卢瑞 文俊明 林波 杨吉勇 张斌 郝兴安[1] 安航 杨照 LI Lurui;WEN Junming;LIN Bo;YANG Jiyong;ZHANG Bin;HAO Xing’an;AN Hang;YANG Zhao(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Xianyang Shaanxi 712100,China;Xianyang Branch of Shaanxi Tobacco Corporation,Xianyang Shaanxi 712000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西咸阳712100 [2]陕西省烟草公司咸阳市公司,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《植物医学》2024年第5期1-7,共7页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：陕西省烟草公司咸阳市公司科技项目(XYKJ-2022-08)。

摘　　要：宏基因组学作为一种前沿检测技术,通过高通量测序直接从环境样本中提取DNA,无需培养即可获得微生物群落的全基因组信息.常用的宏基因组测序平台包括Illumina和PacBio,关键的数据分析方法有QIIME和MEGAN,可用于处理和分析大量微生物数据.宏基因组测序技术在微生物群落物种多样性研究中,采用16S rRNA基因测序,并基于Shannon指数和Simpson指数进行多样性分析;在功能基因研究中,通过使用KEGG和COG数据库进行基因注释,并借助PICRUSt等工具进行功能预测和代谢途径分析.宏基因组学检测技术为深入解析土壤微生物群落结构及其生态功能提供了有力支持,并在揭示土壤微生物与环境因子的互作机制方面取得了重要进展.As an advanced detection technology,metagenomics can directly extract DNA from environmental samples and obtain the whole genome information of microbial communities through high-throughput sequencing without culture.At present,there are commonly used metagenomics sequencing platforms,such as Illumina and PacBio,and key data analysis methods,including QIIME and MEGAN,which are used to process and analyze a large number of microbial data.In the study of microbial community species diversity with metagenomic sequencing technology,16S rRNA gene sequencing is applied,along with diversity analysis based on Shannon index and Simpson index.In functional gene research,gene annotation is performed using KEGG and COG databases,and tools such as PICRUSt are employed for functional prediction and metabolic pathway analysis.Metagenomics provides strong support for the in-depth analysis of soil microbial community structure and its ecological functions,and significant progress has been made in revealing the interaction mechanisms between soil microbes and environmental factors.

关 键 词：宏基因组学 土壤 微生物 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]