尿素和硫酸铵对多孔硝酸铵结构改性的影响研究  

Study on the Effects of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate on the Structural Modification of Porous Ammonium Nitrate

作　　者：陈阳 康自华 陈婷 高建林 杜海军[1] CHEN Yang;KANG Zi-hua;CHEN Ting;GAO Jian-lin;DU Hai-jun(College of Chemical Engineering,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang,550025;Guizhou Yixing Chemical Co.Ltd.,Xingyi,562400)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学化学工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州宜兴化工有限公司,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《火工品》2024年第6期40-47,共8页Initiators & Pyrotechnics

基　　金：贵州民族大学校基金项目(No.0703001022005017);贵州省科协基金项目(No.0701002099023003)。

摘　　要：为了提高硝酸铵(AN)炸药作为工业品使用的安全性,采用尿素(CH_(4)N_(2)O)和硫酸铵((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))作为添加剂对硝酸铵进行结构改性,利用TG-DSC综合热分析法对改性前后AN的热稳定性进行了研究,通过Chemkin软件分析零维均质工况下AN的燃烧分解路径,获取改性前后AN的热分解特性和反应温度,并采用KAS法和AIM法计算了2种添加剂对AN活化能的影响。研究表明:10 wt%CH_(4)N_(2)O-AN和10 wt%(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)-AN的活化能较纯AN的活化能分别提高约57.0,27.1 kJ·mol^(-1);CH_(4)N_(2)O分解释放NH_(3),降低了AN自催化分解中起主导作用的NO_(2)浓度,从而抑制了AN的热分解;(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)与AN形成了(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·2NH_(4)NO_(3)和(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·3NH_(4)NO_(3)晶体,改善了AN的表面结构,提高了其活化能,延缓了反应终止峰的到来。In order to improve the safety of ammonium nitrate(AN)explosives used as industrial products,urea and ammonium sulfate were used as additives to modify the structure of ammonium nitrate.The thermal stability of AN before and after modification was studied using TG-DSC comprehensive thermal analysis method.The combustion decomposition path of AN under zero-dimensional homogeneous conditions was analyzed by Chemkin software.The thermal decomposition characteristics and reaction temperature of AN before and after modification were obtained.The effects of two additives on the activation energy of AN were calculated by KAS method and AIM method.The results show that the activation energies of 10 wt%CH_(4)N_(2)O-AN and 10 wt%(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)-AN are increased by about 57.0,27.1 kJ·mol^(-1) compared to pure AN,respectively;The decomposition of CH_(4)N_(2)O releases NH_(3),reducing the concentration of NO_(2),which plays a dominant role in the self catalytic decomposition of AN,thereby inhibiting the thermal decomposition of AN;(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) and AN form(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·2NH_(4)NO_(3) and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·3NH_(4)NO_(3) crystals,improving the surface structure of AN,increasing its activation energy,and delaying the arrival of the reaction termination peak.

关 键 词：多孔硝酸铵 热稳定性 结构改性 尿素 硫酸铵 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ564[化学工程—炸药化工]