非制式发射药成分检验鉴定方法优化  

Optimization of Component Inspection and Identification Methods for Non Standard Propellants

作　　者：张平[1,2] 贾铠 侯德福[1,2] ZHANG Ping;JIA Kai;HOU De-fu(Liaoning University Judicial Authentication Center,Shenyang,110031;Judicial Authentication&Forensic Sciences Institute,Liaoning University,Shenyang,110031)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学司法鉴定中心,辽宁沈阳110031 [2]辽宁大学司法鉴定研究院,辽宁沈阳110031

出　　处：《火工品》2024年第6期89-94,共6页Initiators & Pyrotechnics

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(重点攻关项目,No.JYTZD2023147)。

摘　　要：为了优化非制式发射药成分检验鉴定方法,分别采用扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪法、气相色谱-质谱法、离子色谱法、电感耦合离子体原子发射光谱法等方法,对某非法销售爆炸物案件中提取的6份送检样品进行综合检验分析,在此基础上,通过红外光谱法和离子色谱法进一步对样品中的未知含氯钾盐成分进行了判定。结果表明:6份样品中均含有木炭成分、硫磺成分、K^(+);1^(#)~5^(#)样品均未检出NO_(3)^(-)成分,6^(#)样品含有NO_(3)^(-)成分;1^(#)~5^(#)样品中的无机阴离子为ClO_(4)^(-);通过对样品进行前处理,一定程度上优化了现行国标对黑火药中成分的检验方法;采用高氯酸钾代替黑火药中硝酸钾成分作为烟花爆竹的发射药或逐渐成为生产烟花爆竹的趋势。In order to optimize the method of component inspection and identification of non-standard propellants,six samples extracted from a case of illegal sale of explosives were comprehensively inspected and analyzed using methods such as scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,ion chromatography,and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.On this basis,the composition of the unknown potassium chloride salts in the sample was further determined by infrared spectroscopy and ion chromatography.The results show that all six samples contain charcoal,sulfur and K^(+);NO_(3)^(-)is not detected in samples 1^(#)to 5^(#),while sample 6^(#)contain NO_(3)^(-);The inorganic anion in samples 1^(#)to 5^(#)is ClO_(4)^(-);By pre-processing the samples,the current national standard for testing the composition of black powder has been optimized to a certain extent;The use of potassium perchlorate instead of potassium nitrate in black powder as the propellant for fireworks and firecrackers has gradually become a trend in the production of fireworks and firecrackers.

关 键 词：发射药 黑火药 木炭 硫磺 高氯酸钾 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]