近代中国话剧阐释的路径及其困境——以民国初期两次新旧剧论争为中心的剧学史探询  

The Path of Interpretation of Modern Chinese Drama and Its Dilemma:Inquiries into the History of Drama Centered on the Two Old and New Drama Controversies in the Early Period of the Republic of China

作　　者：浦晗 Pu Han(School of Literature and Journalism,Yichun College,Yichun,Jiangxi,336000.)

机构地区：[1]宜春学院文学与新闻传播学院,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《民族艺术研究》2024年第5期123-133,共11页Ethnic Art Studies

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金项目“民国剧学文献整理与学术史研究”(项目批准号:20CZW036);江西省赣鄱俊才文化领军人才项目“戏剧运动与中国剧学的现代转型”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：话剧在近代作为传统戏曲改良的某种参照系被剧界所接受,赋予其“新剧”的称谓;而戏曲的知识体系也在最初被“新剧家”所借鉴,作为话剧艺术言说的“话语”。短暂的“甲寅中兴”诱发了近代第一次剧界关于新旧剧艺术的论争,在对比的视域下,话剧的各类艺术元素在论争的过程中参照戏曲的体例被整合,话剧作为学术对象的意义得以确立。在五四时期的话语张力中,话剧的文化地位得到了进一步确证,但理论阐发的模式却依然在本质上依托于戏曲的范式,这使得对话剧的研究更进一步深陷于“旧剧”的话语体系之中,形成了论述逻辑上的定式与路径依赖,由此不可避免地造成了理论失语,最终掩盖了话剧艺术的本体,导致了理论界对话剧概念长时间的混乱。但中国剧界在这场新旧碰撞中完成了一次宝贵的理论试错,开始集体性地思索中国话剧发展的核心议题,并由此揭开了中国现代戏剧运动新的篇章。In modern times,drama was accepted by the theater world as a reference system for the improvement of traditional Chinese opera,and it was given the title of“new drama”;whereas the intellectual system of the Chinese opera was also initially borrowed by the“new dramatists”as the“discourse”of the art of drama.The short-lived“Jiayin Zhongxing”induced the first modern debate in the theater world about the art of new and old dramas.Under the comparative perspective,the various artistic elements of drama were integrated in the process of the debate with reference to traditional Chinese opera,and the significance of drama as an academic object was established.In the discursive tension of the May 4th period,the cultural status of drama was further confirmed,but the mode of theoretical interpretation still relied on the paradigm of traditional Chinese opera,which made the study of drama fall further into the discourse system of the“old opera,”forming a stereotype and path dependence on the logic of narration,which inevitably led to a theoretical aphasia and ultimately obscured the meaning of drama as a scholarly object.Inevitably,this eventually covered up the essence of the art of drama and led to a long period of confusion in the theoretical world about the concept of drama.However,in this collision between the old and the new dramas,the Chinese theater community completed a valuable theoretical trial and began to collectively think about the core issues of the development of Chinese drama,and thus opened a new chapter in the modern Chinese theater movement.

关 键 词：近代中国话剧 理论阐释 学术概念 新旧剧论争 现代化 

分 类 号：J834[艺术—戏剧戏曲]