不同等容粒径的泥沙暴露规律研究  

Study on the exposure patterns of sediment with different equivalent volume particle sizes

作　　者：刘飞[1,2] 谷蕾蕾 刘春晶[1,2] LIU Fei;GU Lei-lei;LIU Chun-jing(Key Laboratory of Sediment Science and Northern River Training,Ministry of Water Resources,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水利部泥沙科学与北方河流治理重点实验室,北京100048 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2024年第5期9-16,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：成果转化金项目(N1003042023);中国水利水电科学研究院“十四五”创新团队项目(SE0145B022021)。

摘　　要：采用概化模型试验对等容粒径的泥沙暴露规律进行初步研究,获得了500组试验数据,试验结果表明:当配比等容粒径的两组均匀沙粒径相差较大,且等容后泥沙粒径与较细均匀沙粒径接近时,床面不同高程的细沙暴露个数远多于粗沙暴露个数,且细沙暴露个数增加幅度比较均匀,粗沙暴露个数增加幅度迅速减小,其等容泥沙在床面表层的暴露个数明显多于表层以下;当配比等容粒径的两组均匀沙粒径相差较大,且等容后泥沙粒径与较粗均匀沙的粒径接近时,虽然细沙暴露的个数可能比粗沙少,但其暴露颗粒数的增加幅度比粗沙大,其等容后泥沙在床面表层的暴露个数多于表层以下;当配比等容粒径的两组均匀沙的粒径相差较小,且等容后泥沙粒径与两组沙的粒径均接近时,细沙暴露颗粒数的增加幅度与粗沙相当,其等容后泥沙在床面表层的暴露个数与表层以下相当。以上试验结果与天然卵石河床表层泥沙等容后的暴露个数多于深层的普遍现象相吻合。A preliminary study was conducted on the exposure patterns of sediment with different equivalent volume particle sizes using a generalized flume experiment,and 500 sets of experimental data were obtained and analyzed.The experimental results show that when two groups of uniform sediment differ greatly in size,and their equivalent volume sediment particle size is close to that of the finer uniform sediment,the number of exposed fine sediment particles at different elevations on the bed is much greater than that of exposed coarse sediment,and the increase in the number of exposed fine sediment particles is relatively uniform,while the increase in the number of exposed coarse sediment decreases rapidly.In this case,the number of the equivalent volume sediment on the surface layer of the bed is significantly higher than that below the surface layer.When two groups of uniform sediment differ greatly in size,and the equivalent volume sediment particle size is close to that of the coarser uniform sediment,although the number of exposed fine sediment particles may be less than that of exposed coarse sediment,the increase in the number of exposed fine sediment particles is greater than that of coarse sediment.Similarly,in this case,the equivalent sediment is more exposed at the surface of the bed than that below the surface layer.Finally,when two groups of uniform sediment differ slightly in size,and the equivalent sediment particle size is close to both groups of sediment,the increase in the number of exposed fine sediment particles is comparable to that of exposed coarse sediment.In this case,the equivalent volume sediment is equally exposed at the surface of the bed and below it.These experimental results are consistent with the common phenomenon that the number of exposed sediment particles in the surface layer of natural pebble riverbed is greater than that in deeper layers after equivalent treatment.

关 键 词：等容粒径 暴露度 玻璃珠 概化水槽试验 

分 类 号：TV149[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]