新世纪以来珠江河口滩涂演变及保护对策探讨  

Discussion on evolution and protection countermeasures of tidal flats in the Pearl River Estuary in recent years

作　　者：刘培 许劼婧 何用 李卫[3] 杨留柱 LIU Pei;XU Jie-jing;HE Yong;LI Wei;YANG Liu-zhu(Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Pearl River Water Conservancy Commission,Guangzhou 510611,China;Key Laboratory of Pearl River Estuary Regulation and Protection,Ministry of Water Resources of China,Guangzhou 510611,China;Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广东广州510611 [2]水利部珠江河口治理与保护重点实验室,广东广州510611 [3]河海大学,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2024年第5期66-73,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42006157);水利部重大科技项目(SKR-2022036)。

摘　　要：珠江河口滩涂演变对河势稳定、生态保护和粤港澳大湾区经济社会发展具有重要意义。对新世纪以来珠江河口滩涂演变特征研究显示:-5 m以浅滩涂面积大幅减少,由1999年的1062 km^(2)锐减为2019年的799 km^(2),伶仃洋和黄茅海河口湾平均侵蚀厚度分别为1.06 m和0.29 m。内伶仃洋西滩呈现高滩侵蚀、低滩淤积的滩面坦化和底质粗化现象,-3 m以浅高滩面积缩减9.6%,最大侵蚀厚度达1.57 m。流域来沙减少、潮汐动力增强、波浪掀沙作用增强、人类活动干扰是近期高滩侵蚀的主要原因。提出了口门调水补沙、河口湾治导带修复、高滩保滩固沙、疏浚土资源化利用的治理对策,为新时期滩涂保护提供参考。The evolution of tidal flats in the Pearl River Estuary is of great significance to the stability of river regime,ecological protection and economic and social development in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.This study mainly focuses on the evolution of the tidal flats in the Pearl River Estuary since this century.The results show that the shoals above-5 m have been greatly reduced,from 1062 km^(2) in 1999 to 799 km^(2) in 2019.The averaged erosion intensities of the Lingdingyang and the Huangmaohai are 1.06 m and 0.29 m,respectively.The area of the high tidal flat(bathymetry above-3 m)in the Western Shoal of Neilingdingyang has decreased by 9.6%,with a maximum erosion thickness of 1.57 m.The shoal surface has become flat due to high flat erosion and low flat sedimentation,and coarsening of the sediment The reduction of fluvial-induced sediment,the enhancement of tidal and wave dynamics and human activity interference are the main reasons leading to the erosion trend recently.Strategies of water and sediment regulation,including water diversion and sediment supplement,reconstruct of estuary regulation line,protection and sediment fixation in the high tidal flats and resource utilization of dredged soil,has been proposed for the protection of tidal flats in the Pearl River Estuary in the new period.

关 键 词：珠江河口 滩涂 演变 侵蚀 保护 

分 类 号：TV148[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]