价值回归背景下国际碳交易制度的完善  

Improvement of the International Carbon Trading System in the Context of Value Realignment

作　　者：徐军华[1] 易倩 XU Jun-hua;YI Qian

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期37-50,共14页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：《巴黎协定》国际碳交易制度体现了环境价值、经济价值和社会价值相统一的多维价值目标,这是对《京都议定书》时期碳交易实践的价值纠偏,也是对制度初衷的价值回归。然而,价值实现的关键在于制度规范与价值目标的契合度。以“价值——原则——规则”作为分析框架,解析国际碳交易制度的功能价值,可知公平、环境完整性、人权保障和可持续发展应作为其核心原则。通过对国际碳交易规则与原则的匹配度检视,发现存在“国家自主贡献”的充分性和公平性评估机制缺失、资金和技术以及能力建设缺乏履约执行机制、人权保障和可持续发展原则存在“建设性模糊”、ITMOs实现核心原则具有不确定性等问题。故此,完善“国家自主贡献”的自证和跟踪机制、落实资金和能力建设支持机制、构建国际碳交易原则评估体系以及加强ITMOs规则的指导性是制度完善的有效路径。The international carbon trading system under the Paris Agreement embodies a multi-dimensional value objective that unifies environmental,economic,and social values,which represents a value correction to the Kyoto Protocol’s carbon trading practices and a return to the original values of the system.However,the key to realizing these values lies in the alignment between institutional norms and value objectives.By using a“value-principle-rule”analytical framework and by examining the functional values of the international carbon trading system,it is proposed that equity,environmental integrity,human rights protection,and sustainable development should serve as the core principles of this system.An analysis of the compatibility between the rules and principles of international carbon trading reveals several issues,including the absence of a mechanism for assessing the adequacy and fairness of Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs),the lack of implementation mechanisms for financial,technological,and capacity-building support,“constructive ambiguity”concerning the principles of human rights protection and sustainable development,and uncertainties in how Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes(ITMOs)can realize the core principles.To address these problems,the self-reporting and tracking mechanisms for NDCs should be enhanced;mechanisms for financial and capacity-building support should be implemented;the evaluation system for the principles of international carbon trading should be established,and the guiding role of ITMOs should be enhanced.

关 键 词：国际碳交易制度 公平原则 环境完整性 可持续发展 人权保障 

分 类 号：D912.601[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]