中国传统园林槐树比德景观的嬗变探究  

A Study on the Evolution of Sophora Japonica"Bide"Landscape in Traditional Chinese Gardens

作　　者：岳红记[1] 江诗馨 杨晶 YUE Hongji;JIANG Shixin;YANG Jing

机构地区：[1]长安大学建筑学院风景园林学科,西安710055 [2]长安大学建筑学院,西安710055

出　　处：《中国园林》2024年第10期126-132,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目(2021J041);长安大学研究生教育教学改革项目(300103140050)。

摘　　要：槐树是中国乡土树种,具有3000多年栽培历史。西周时期形成的槐树比德文化是中国优秀传统文化重要组成部分。通过查阅史籍、园记、园图、园论等资料和实地考察当今留存的槐树,探究槐树比德景观的源流,分析其文化内涵、嬗变过程、槐树景观空间布局及文化意象演变,总结出各时期槐树比德景观特点。认为槐树比德景观蕴含有政治礼教、科举文化、个人情操、祈福庇护等内涵,历经了“宗教崇拜-官位代表-礼教制度-科举寓意-个人情操-故土思念”的演变,体现了古人对槐树比德景观审美从盲目、感性到理性的认识过程。研究结果不仅有助于当代风景园林师运用国槐营造文化景观,提升居住环境,陶冶居民情操,也有利于保护和传承国槐文化。Sophorajaponicais a native tree species in China,with more than 3,000 years of cultivation history.The"Bide"(embodying spiritual qualities)culture of Sophorajaponica formed during the Western Zhou Dynasty is an important component of China's excellent traditional culture.By consulting historical records,garden records,garden maps,garden theories,and conducting on-site investigations of the preserved locust trees,this study explores the origin and evolution of the Sophora japonica"Bide"landscape,analyzes its cultural connotations,evolution process,spatial layout,and cultural imagery evolution,and summarizes the unique features of the Sophora japonica"Bide"landscape in different periods.The research suggests that the landscape of Sophora japonica"Bide"contains connotations such as political ethics,imperial examination culture,personal sentiments,and blessings and protection.It has undergone the evolution of"religious worship,official representation,ritual system,imperial examination symbolism,personal sentiments,and homeland longing",reflecting the ancient people's understanding of Sophorajaponica"Bide"landscape aesthetics from blindness,sensibility to rationality.The research results not only help contemporary landscape designers to use the Sophorajaponica to create cultural landscapes,improve living environments,and cultivate the spiritual sentiments of residents,but also contribute to the protection and inheritance ofSophora japonicaculture.

关 键 词：风景园林 槐树 古典园林 文化景观 比德思想 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]