乌鲁木齐市土地利用格局的地形梯度效应  

Topographic Gradient Effects on Land Use Patterns in Urumqi City

作　　者：张永健 酒江涛 巴音达拉 ZHANG Yongjian;JIU Jiangtao;Bayindala(Urumqi Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Urumqi 830057,China;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830057 [2]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2024年第6期34-42,共9页Forest Inventory and Planning

基　　金：新疆游牧地区传统植物学知识的研究(32260101);全国国土变更调查国家级外业核查(乌鲁木齐中心)(DD20230525);县域高标准农田质量遥感反演及预测(WZD2023PS01-08)。

摘　　要：为了揭示乌鲁木齐市土地利用格局随地形梯度的时空演变特征及规律,为干旱区城市化过程中景观格局空间优化布局和土地资源的可持续开发利用提供科学依据,利用2000、2010和2020年3期土地利用数据和数字高程模型(DEM)数据,采用地形位指数、分布指数、地学信息图谱和景观格局指数等方法,分析了景观图谱在地形梯度下的变化特征,并探讨了土地利用格局的地形梯度效应及其成因。结果表明,2000—2020年,研究区的主要景观类型为草地和未利用土地,建设用地急剧扩张,耕地、林地、草地和水域资源不断缩减,其中建设用地面积增加了534.12 km^(2),年均增长率为7.28%;耕地和建设用地的分布指数随地形位梯度的增加而减小;土地利用类型变化图谱以稳定型为主,占比约为67.28%,耕地向建设用地转换、林地向草地转换、水域向未利用土地转换为主要土地变换特征;研究区景观异质性整体上升,景观破碎化程度随地形位梯度的上升而下降,但在局部高等级地形位梯度上的景观异质性较高。This study aimed to reveal the spatio-temporal characteristics and patterns of land use patterns along the topographic gradient in Urumqi City,and provide scientific basis for optimizing the spatial layout of landscape pattern and sustainable development and utilization of land resources in urbanization of arid areas.Using land use data and digital elevation model(DEM)for the periods of 2000,2010,and 2020,various methods including topographic position index,distribution index,geo-information mapping,and landscape pattern index were employed to analyze the changing characteristics of landscape maps under the influence of topographic gradient.The effects of topographic gradient on land use patterns and their underlying causes were also explored.The results showed that from 2000 to 2020,the dominant landscape types in the study area were grassland and unused land,while construction land expanded rapidly and cropland,forestland,grassland and water resources continuously decreased.The area of construction land increased by 534.12 km^(2),with an average annual growth rate of 7.28%.The distribution index of cropland and construction land decreased with the increase of topographic gradient.The land use change pattern was mainly characterized by stability,accounting for approximately 67.28%of the total area.The major land transformations included the conversion of cropland to construction land,forestland to grassland,and water bodies to unused land.The overall landscape heterogeneity increased,and the degree of landscape fragmentation decreased with the increase of topographic gradient.However,in certain areas with higher topographic gradients,the landscape heterogeneity was relatively high.

关 键 词：土地利用 地形梯度 分布指数 景观格局 地学信息图谱 乌鲁木齐市 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] F316.23