濒危植物银杉资源现状及保护对策  

Resource Status and Protection Measures of Endangered Plants Cathaya argyrophylla

作　　者：冯育才 李乔明 韩继怀 勾伟 FENG Yucai;LI Qiaoming;HAN Jihuai;GOU Wei(Guizhou Administration of Dashahe National Nature Reserve,Zunyi,Guizhou 563500,China;Guizhou Everbright Yuanhang Surveying and Mapping Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大沙河国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州遵义563500 [2]贵州光大远航测绘工程有限公司,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2024年第6期125-131,共7页Forest Inventory and Planning

基　　金：贵州省农业攻关科研项目(黔科合NY字[2011]3109号)。

摘　　要：银杉(Cathaya argyrophylla)是我国特有孑遗植物,自1961年我国开展银杉保护工作以来,以银杉为主要保护对象的保护区共有9个,主要位于大娄山山脉、罗霄山脉和越城岭山脉和大瑶山山脉,其中大娄山脉是银杉种群的主要分布区。研究发现,目前天然银杉植株数量仅有2895株,银杉天然种群受到遗传多态性低、种群分布岛屿化、雌雄球花异熟、种子发育周期长、幼苗生长慢、林下枯枝落叶厚等因素影响,资源出现衰退迹象。通过阐述银杉自然保护区发展历程,研究天然银杉种群的生存和保护现状,分析引起银杉种群变化主要原因及未来银杉保护的发展趋势,提出适度采取人工抚育措施,促进银杉幼苗、幼树生长,建立银杉种群动态监测机制,及时掌握天然银杉种群更新状况,摸清天然银杉资源现状,实施以银杉为主的生态系统完整性保护等措施。Cathaya argyrophylla is a unique relic plant in China.Since the conservation work of Cathaya argyrophylla was carried out in 1961,there were 9 reserves with Cathaya argyrophylla as the main protection object,which were mainly located in Daluo Mountains,Luoxiao Mountains,Yuechengling Mountains and Dayao Mountains,among which the Dalou Mountains was the main distribution area of Cathaya argyrophylla population.The research found that there were only 2895 natural Cathaya argyrophylla plants,and the natural population of Cathaya argyrophylla was affected by low genetic polymorphism,population distribution islanding,male and female cone ripening,long seed development cycle,slow seedling growth and thick dead branches and leaves under the forest,resulting in signs of resource decline.By elaborating on the development process of the Cathaya argyrophylla nature reserves,studying the survival and protection status of the natural Cathaya argyrophylla population,analyzing the main reasons for the changes in the Cathaya argyrophylla population,exploring the development trend of future protection,this paper recommended to take appropriate artificial nurturing measures to promote the growth of seedlings and young trees,establish a dynamic monitoring mechanism for the Cathaya argyrophylla population,timely grasp the update status of the natural Cathaya argyrophylla population,and understand the current status of natural Cathaya argyrophylla resources,and implement ecological integrity protection measures mainly based on Cathaya argyrophylla.

关 键 词：银杉 自然保护区 种质资源 濒危机制 保护对策 

分 类 号：S791.19[农业科学—林木遗传育种]