2018—2022年马鞍山地区无偿献血者HIV感染流行病学特征及变化趋势分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of HIV infection among unpaid blood donors in Ma’anshan,2018-2022

作　　者：薛炜 张莉 陆军 XUE Wei;ZHANG Li;LU Jun(Medical Laboratory Center,Ma’anshan General Hospital of Ranger-Duree Healthcare,Ma’anshan,Anhui 243000,China;Ma’anshan Central Blood Station,Ma’anshan,Anhui 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]德驭医疗马鞍山总医院医学检验中心,安徽马鞍山243000 [2]马鞍山市中心血站,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第10期1209-1212,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2018—2022年马鞍山地区无偿献血者人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染流行病学特征及变化趋势,为献血者招募策略提供依据,降低HIV输血传播风险。方法回顾性分析2018—2022年马鞍山地区无偿献血者的一般资料,并统计分析发生HIV感染的无偿献血人群的献血史、性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻史、献血类型、职业等特征情况,同时分析无偿献血者HIV感染确证阳性率的变化趋势情况。结果2018—2022年马鞍山地区无偿献血者HIV初筛反应率为0.159%,HIV确证阳性率为0.044%;其中各年度无偿献血者HIV确证阳性率分别为0.072%、0.051%、0.044%、0.034%、0.023%,HIV确证阳性率总体呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.840,P<0.05)。2018—2022年马鞍山地区不同性别、年龄、文化程度、献血史、职业无偿献血者HIV确证阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中男性、18~34岁、高中以下文化程度、初次献血、工人、农民献血者HIV确证阳性率较高(P<0.05)。结论2018—2022年马鞍山地区无偿献血中的HIV感染率呈下降趋势,其HIV感染率与无偿献血人群的性别、年龄、文化程度、献血史、职业等特征相关。因此,应根据不同献血人群特征制定阻断经血传播的有效防范措施,从而减少通过输血传播HIV的风险,确保临床用血安全。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection amongst voluntary blood donors in Ma’anshan from 2018 to 2022,and to provide evidence for the recruitment strategy of blood donors and reduce the risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the unpaid blood donors’general data in Ma’anshan from 2018 to 2022,and then statistically analyzed the characteristics of blood donation histories,genders,ages,educational backgrounds,marital status,types of blood donation,and occupations of unpaid blood donors with HIV infection.At the same time,the changing trends in the confirmed HIV-positive rate among the unpaid blood donors were analyzed.Results The HIV initial screening response rate of the unpaid blood donors in Ma’anshan during 2018-2022 was 0.159%,with the confirmed HIV-positive rate of 0.044%.The confirmed HIV-positive rates of the unpaid blood donors in 2018-2022 were 0.072%,0.051%,0.044%,0.034%and 0.023%respectively,and the confirmed HIV-positive rates displayed an overall downward trend,showing statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=18.840,P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the confirmed HIV-positive rates among unpaid blood donors of different genders,ages,educational backgrounds,blood donation histories and occupations in Ma’anshan from 2018 to 2022(all P<0.05),and the confirmed HIV-positive rates were found to be higher in males,donors aged 18-34 years,donors with educational background of below high school,first-time blood donors,workers and farmers(P<0.05).Conclusion The HIV infection rates of the unpaid blood donors in Ma’anshan from 2018 to 2022 showed a downward trend,and the HIV infection rates were related to the unpaid blood donors’genders,ages,educational backgrounds,blood donation histories,occupations and other characteristics.Therefore,it is necessary to develop effective preventive measures to block HIV transmission through blood transfusi

关 键 词：无偿献血者 人类免疫缺陷病毒 流行病学特征 变化趋势 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学] R457.1[医药卫生—临床医学]