秋水仙素对豆梨的诱变效应及四倍体鉴定  

Mutagenesis effect and tetraploid identification of colchicine on Pyrus calleryana

作　　者：李泽根 任威蓁 于淑漫 冯雯静 徐宁伟[1] 路丙社[1] 路斌[1] LI Zegen;REN Weizhen;YU Shuman;FENG Wenjing;XU Ningwei;LU Bingshe;LU BIN(College of Landscape architecture and Tourism,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,园林与旅游学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《林业与生态科学》2024年第4期440-447,共8页Forestry and Ecological Sciences

基　　金：河北省重点研发项目(20326330D);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2021204126)。

摘　　要：为筛选秋水仙素对豆梨多倍体诱导的适宜条件,以萌动种子为材料,采用浸泡法进行秋水仙素处理,研究不同浓度和处理时间对其种子萌发、成苗和诱变效果的影响。通过表型观察,结合气孔特征和染色体计数对四倍体诱变植株进行了鉴定。结果表明:(1)秋水仙素抑制豆梨的萌发和成苗;随着处理浓度增加和处理时间延长,种子萌发率、成苗率逐渐降低,诱变率呈先升高后降低趋势;0.8%秋水仙素处理36 h诱导效果最好,四倍体诱导率为35%。(2)根尖染色体计数检测,四倍体染色体数目是二倍体的2倍,为2n=4x=68条,气孔及保卫细胞数有增大与密度减小的多倍化特征。(3)与二倍体植株相比,四倍体呈现植株先矮后高、茎干变粗、叶片变大、叶色变深、叶片加厚等特征,且在生理生化指标上有显著差异。In order to screen the appropriate conditions for colchicine to induce polyploidy of Pyrus calleryana,germinating seeds were treated with colchicine by soaking method,and the effects of different concentrations and treatment time on seed germination,seedling formation and mutagenesis were studied.The tetraploid mutant plants were identified by phenotypic observation,stomatal characteristics and chromosome count.The results showed that:(1)Colchicine inhibited the germination and seedling formation of P.calleryana;With the increase of treatment concentration and the extension of treatment time,the seed germination rate and seedling formation rate decreased gradually,and the mutagenesis rate increased first and then decreased.Treatment with 0.8%colchicine had the best induction effect for 36 h,and the tetraploid induction rate was 35%.(2)The chromosome count in root tip showed that the number of tetraploid chromosomes was 2n=4x=68,and the number of stomata and guard cells increased and the density decreased.(3)Compared with diploid plants,tetraploid plants were shorter at first and then grew taller,having thicker stems,larger,darker and thicker leaves,and there were significant differences in physiological and biochemical indexes.

关 键 词：豆梨 秋水仙素 多倍体诱导 诱变育种 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]