新型季铵盐捕收剂对锂云母与石英和钠长石分离的影响及其机理  

Effect of New Quaternary Ammonium Salt Collector on Separation of Lepidolite from Quartz and Albite and Its Mechanism

作　　者：杨浦 印万忠[1] 姚金[1] 祁治伟 贾煜坤 YANG Pu;YIN Wanzhong;YAO Jin;QI Zhiwei;JIA Yukun(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第10期100-106,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:52174239,52374259)。

摘　　要：双癸基二甲基氯化铵作为新型阳离子双链季铵盐表面活性剂,具有良好的起泡性能且对环境较为友好。为研究新型季铵盐捕收剂对锂云母的捕收作用,通过浮选试验探究了双癸基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)体系下p H值、捕收剂用量、抑制剂用量等对锂云母浮选行为及其与脉石矿物浮选分离效果的影响,通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等检测手段和量子力学模拟研究了捕收剂在锂云母表面的吸附机理。浮选试验结果表明,在p H=5.0、DDAC用量75mg/L、六偏磷酸钠用量6000mg/L时,浮选精矿产率为35.79%,Li_(2)O品位为5.08%,Li_(2)O回收率为80.78%,尾矿中SiO_(2)和Al_(2)O_(3)回收率均大于98%,说明在DDAC体系下,六偏磷酸钠对钠长石和石英具有良好的选择性抑制能力;红外分析结果表明,DDAC通过静电和氢键作用吸附在锂云母表面;XPS分析结果表明,DDAC与锂云母作用时无化学键断裂,DDAC容易吸附在锂云母表面O位点;模拟分析结果表明,浮选过程中,DDAC+在氢键和静电作用下取代H2O吸附在锂云母表面,同时双链结构的非极性基使锂云母表面疏水的同时增加了锂云母矿粒黏附在气泡上的概率。因此,相比于油酸钠和椰油胺,DDAC对锂云母有更好的捕收性能。As a new cationic double-chain quaternary ammonium salt surfactant,didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride has good foaming performance and is friendly to the environment.In order to study the collecting effect of new quaternary ammonium salt collector on lepidolite,the effects of pH value,collector dosage and inhibitor dosage on the flotation behavior of lepidolite and its flotation separation effect from gangue minerals in didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DDAC)system are investigated by flotation test.The adsorption mechanism of collector on the surface of lepidolite is studied by means of infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and quantum mechanics simulation.The flotation test results show that when pH is 5.0,the dosage of DDAC is 75 mg/L,and the dosage of sodium hexametaphosphate is 6000 mg/L,the yield of flotation concentrate is 35.79%,the grade of Li_(2)O is 5.08%,the recovery rate of Li_(2)O is 80.78%,and the recovery rates of SiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3) in tailings are more than 98%,indicating that sodium hexametaphosphate has good selective inhibition ability to albite and quartz under DDAC system.The infrared analysis results show that DDAC is adsorbed on the surface of lepidolite by electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions.The XPS analysis results show that there is no chemical bond breaking when DDAC interacts with lepidolite,and DDAC is easily adsorbed on the O site on the surface of lepidolite.The simulation analysis results show that DDAC+replaces H_(2)O to adsorb on the surface of lepidolite under hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction during the flotation process.At the same time,the non-polar group of the double-chain structure makes the surface of lepidolite hydrophobic and increases the probability of lepidolite particles adhering to bubbles.Therefore,DDAC has better collecting performance for lepidolite than sodium oleate and coconut oil amine.

关 键 词：锂云母 季铵盐 表面特性 浮选特性 CASTEP 第一性原理 

分 类 号：TD923[矿业工程—选矿] TD97