晋语及中原官话表“包圆儿”义的“煞合”[■]与“打摭”[■]  

Etymological Notes on the Words煞合[■]and打摭[■]Denoting FINISH UP包圆儿in Jin Group and Zhongyuan Mandarin

作　　者：沈明[1] SHEN Ming

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京

出　　处：《方言》2024年第4期385-398,共14页Dialect

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语方言母语深度调查研究”(21&ZD303);中国社会科学院语言研究所重大项目“汉语方言母语重点调查”、中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划重点学科“汉语方言与语言保护”(DF2023ZD11)的资助。

摘　　要：表“包圆儿”义,晋语及南邻的汾河片中原官话多说“煞合”[■]或“合煞”[■]。方言志或方言词典里,“煞合”[■]多写作“杀割”,“合煞”[■]多写作“割杀”,“杀”或写作“煞”“刹”,“割”或写作“佮”“圪”“格”等。字形不一,说明本字不明。本文认为,其本字应当是“煞合”或“合煞”,“煞《广韵》所八切、《集韵》山戛切”[■]表“结束、收尾、停止”义;“合《广韵》古沓切、《集韵》葛合切”[■]表“合集、聚”义,“煞合/合煞”的词义是“(全部)合起来结束”。部分吕梁片、五台片晋语及汾河片、秦陇片中原官话多说“打摭”[■],“摭《集韵》职略切”[■]表“拾取、收集”义。The word[■]煞合or[■]合煞denoting FINISH UP包圆儿in Jin group and their southern neighbouring dialects,Fenhe cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin,are often written as shage杀割or gesha割杀in dialect fieldworks and dictionaries.[■]are written as sha杀/煞/刹,while[■]are written as ge割/佮/圪/格,etc,which indicates that the etymological notes are under controversial.This paper argues that the etymological notes should respectively be sha煞and ge合.Sha煞in Guangyun广韵is pronounced Suoba Qie所八切,while Shanga Qie山戛切in Jiyun集韵,both denoting FINISHING or ENDING.Ge合in Guangyun广韵is pronounced Guta Qie古沓切,while Gehe Qie葛合切in Jiyun集韵,both denoting THE WHOLE or COMPLETE.The word[■]煞合or[■]合煞can denote ASSEMBLE AND FINISH.The corresponding word in dialects of Luliang,Wutai clusters of Jin group and Fenhe,Qinlong clusters of Zhongyuan Mandarin is[■]打摭.Zhe摭is pronounced Zhilue Qie职略切in Jiyun集韵,denoting GATHERING or PUTTING TOGETHER.

关 键 词：晋语 中原官话 包圆儿 本字 煞合[■] 合煞[■] 打摭[■] 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语]