诱导轮快速启动过程的瞬态水力特性研究  

Investigations of Transient Hydraulic Characteristics of an Inducer during Rapid Start-up Process

作　　者：陈泰然[1,2] 樊亚丁 项乐 穆振东 黄彪 陈晖[4] CHEN Tairan;FAN Yading;XIANG Le;MU Zhendong;HUANG Biao;CHEN Hui(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;Chongqing Innovation Center,Beijing Institute of Technology,Chongqing 401120;Beijing Institute of Aerospace Test Technology,Beijing 100074;Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Xi'an 710100;Beijing Institute of Aerospace Launch Technology,Beijing 100076)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学重庆创新中心,重庆401120 [3]北京航天试验技术研究所,北京100074 [4]西安航天动力研究所,西安710100 [5]北京航天发射技术研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第18期195-207,共13页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52009001,52079004);中国博士后科学基金(2020M680380);技术领域基金(2021-xxxx-JJ-xxxx);重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX1046);北京理工大学青年教师学术启动计划(XSQD-202003008)资助项目。

摘　　要：诱导轮的水力性能以及内部非稳态流动对液体火箭发动机燃料输运系统的安全性和运行效率有着至关重要的影响。针对诱导轮在快速启动过程中的瞬态特性,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和Zwart空化模型开展了诱导轮内部非定常流动过程的数值仿真研究。基于试验数据对数值仿真结果进行了验证,数值计算获得的扬程系数以及空穴形态与试验结果吻合较好。在额定转速5000 r/min的条件下,当空化数σ=0.035时捕捉到了同步旋转空化现象,基于诱导轮的空穴形态和压力脉动等数据分析了旋转空化不稳定特性,发现同步旋转空化的发生是诱导轮空化性能迅速下降的主要原因。在快速启动条件下,诱导轮的扬程系数、轴向力等参数存在明显的瞬态冲击特性,且扬程系数与流量系数的响应均滞后于转速。在启动加速初始阶段,存在显著的回流现象,流道内旋涡结构的尺度和数量随着转速的增加而减小;初生空化以泄漏涡空化为主,随后向叶片表面扩展并往叶片尾缘移动。达到额定转速后,诱导轮内部的流动趋于稳定,与额定转速下工况相比,空化主要以叶片附着型空化为主,稳定时的流量系数和扬程系数分别为是稳定工况下流量系数和扬程系数的1.176倍和60%。研究结果可为诱导轮在快速启动和变工况下的稳定性分析提供参考。The hydraulic performance and the flow instability in an inducer have a vital impact on the safety and operating efficiency of the liquid rocket engine fuel transportation system.According to the transient characteristics of the inducer during the rapid start-up process,the standard k-εturbulence model and the Zwart cavitation model are applied to simulate the unsteady flow process inside the inducer numerically.The numerical simulation results were verified by the experimental data.It is found the head coefficient and the cavity shape obtained by numerical calculation were in good agreement with the experimental results.At the rated speed of 5000 r/min,the synchronous rotating cavitation phenomenon was captured by the numerical results when cavitation numberσ=0.035.The unsteady characteristics of rotating cavitation were analyzed based on the data of cavity shape and pressure fluctuation of the inducer.The results indicate that the occurrence of synchronous rotating cavitation is the main reason for the rapid decline in the cavitation performance of the inducer.During the rapid start-up process,the head coefficient and axial force of the inducer have obvious impact characteristics,and the response of head coefficient and flow coefficient lags behind the speed.In the initial stage of the start-up acceleration,a significant backflow phenomenon is observed.The size and quantity of the vortex structure in the flow passage decrease with the increase of the rotation speed.The inception cavitation is dominated by the leakage vortex cavitation,and then expands to the blade surface and moves to the trailing edge of the blade.After reaching the rated speed,the flow inside the inducer tends to be stable.Compared with the condition at rated speed,cavitation always exists in the trailing edge,and the cavity shape of the three blades is similar.The cavitation is mainly blade-attached cavitation,and the stable flow coefficient and head coefficient are respectively 1.176 times and 0.6 times of the flow coefficient and head co

关 键 词：诱导轮 快速启动 不稳定特性 空化流动 

分 类 号：V434[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]