全气候自热锂离子电池及低温极速加热策略研究  

Research on All-climate Self-heating Lithium-ion Battery and Low Temperature Extreme Heating Strategy

作　　者：熊瑞[1] 李正阳 燕润博 杨瑞鑫 XIONG Rui;LI Zhengyang;YAN Runbo;YANG Ruixin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第18期247-257,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52107222);北京市自然科学基金-小米创新联合基金(L223013)资助项目。

摘　　要：低温下锂离子电池充放电性能和可用容量急剧劣化,严重制约新能源汽车在高寒地区的规模化应用,低温加热成为提升电池低温环境适应性的可行举措。基于18650圆柱形电池结构,设计一种新型的全气候自热锂离子电池,以芯轴为加热元件,通过电触发加热方式实现低温下由内而外的极速温升,试验表明自热电池能够进行正常充放电循环,同时以芯轴作为加热元件是有效的;建立自热锂离子电池电化学-热耦合模型,对传统电化学模型进行修正,匹配自热电池工作特点,探明自热电池在加热过程中内部温度场的分布与变化情况。结果表明,加热方式使得电池表面温升迟滞性降低;利用非支配排序遗传算法提出以加热速率、能量消耗率为优化目标的多目标优化框架,得到最优加热策略(33.80 mΩ保护电阻和55.16%占空比),仿真与测试结果表明,所提策略的加热速率可达25.53℃/min,加热至0℃的能量消耗为电池容量的6.27%。The performance and available capacity of lithium-ion batteries deteriorate rapidly at low temperature,which seriously restricts the popularization application of new energy vehicles in cold areas.Therefore,low-temperature heating has become a feasible measure to improve the adaptability of batteries in low-temperature environment.Based on the 18650 cylindrical battery structure,a new type of all-climate self-heating lithium-ion battery is designed.With the core shaft as the heating element,it achieves extreme temperature rise from inside to outside at low temperature by means of electric trigger heating method.The experiments show that the self-heating battery can charge and discharge normally,and the core shaft as the heating element is effective.The electrochemical-thermal coupling model of self-heating lithium-ion battery is established,in which the traditional electrochemical model is modified to match the working characteristics of the self-heating battery.The distribution and variation of internal temperature of the self-heating battery during heating process is investigated,and the results show that the heating method reduces the hysteresis of the surface temperature rise of the battery.NSGA-II(Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ)is used to establish a multi-objective optimization framework with heating rate and energy consumption rate as optimization objectives,and the optimal heating strategy is obtained,namely 33.80 mΩprotection resistance and 55.16%duty ratio.Simulation results show that the heating rate can reach 25.53℃/min,while the energy consumption rate is only 6.27%.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 自加热 加热速率 能量消耗率 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]