第三介质对列车轮轨间摩擦因数影响的试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Influence of Third Medium on the Friction Coefficient between Wheel and Rail of High-speed Train

作　　者：张军 孟桐衣[2] 闫硕 邹小春 马贺 ZHANG Jun;MENG Tongyi;YAN Shuo;ZOU Xiaochun;MA He(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing Institue of Graphic Communication,Beijing 102600;Beijing Key Laboratory of Performance Guarantee on Urban Rail Transit Vehicles,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044;Locomotive and Rolling Stock,College,Kunming Railway Vocational Technical College,Kunming 650208)

机构地区：[1]北京印刷学院机电工程学院,北京102600 [2]北京建筑大学城市轨道交通车辆服役性能保障北京市重点实验室,北京100044 [3]昆明铁道职业技术学院机车车辆学院,昆明650208

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第18期310-317,共8页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775031);北京市教育委员会科研计划(KM202210016003);云南省教育厅科学研究基金教师类(2024J1768)资助项目。

摘　　要：为探究不同轮对横移量下轮轨的接触斑及第三介质对轮轨静摩擦因数的影响,搭建一种能准确反映轮轨接触状态的试验台。选取磨耗后的高速列车车轮、钢轨试块,进行不同轮对横移量及启动工况时第三介质作用下的轮轨接触试验。结果表明,钢轨靠近轮缘时,轮轨接触斑多呈哑铃状,面积较大,在对中位置及远离轮缘时,接触斑形状均为椭圆形且面积接近;水、油、树叶分别会使轮轨间静摩擦因数较干洁轨面降低约49.7%、54.5%和75.9%;撒砂可有效加大轮轨间静摩擦因数,最大可较干洁轨面增加81.6%,在撒砂量饱和后静摩擦因数将保持不变;砂水混合物作用下轮轨静摩擦因数较水介质单独作用时有较大增加,且在砂水质量比约为10∶3时增黏效果最佳。所得结论对撒砂量及撒砂智能化控制具有参考价值。In order to explore the influence of wheel-rail contact spot under different wheelset traverse,and the third medium on the static friction coefficient of wheel-rail,a test bench which can accurately reflect the wheel-rail contact state was built.The wheel-rail contact test with the third medium under different wheelset traverse and starting conditions was carried out by selecting worn wheel and rail test blocks of high-speed trains.And the conclusion was drawn:When the rail is close to the rim,the wheel-rail contact spots are dumbbell shaped and have a large area.In the center position and far away from the rim,the shape of the contact spots are oval and the area are close;Water,oil and leaves can reduce the static friction coefficient between wheel and rail by 49.7%,54.5%and 75.9%,respectively,compared with dry rail surface;Sand spraying can effectively increase the static friction coefficient between wheel and rail,the maximum can be increased by 81.6%compared with the dry rail surface,the static friction coefficient will remain unchanged after the sand content saturation;The wheel-rail static friction coefficient under the sand-water mixture is significantly increased compared with that under the water medium alone,and the viscosity increase effect is the best when the sand-water mass ratio is about 10:3.The conclusion has reference value for sand quantity and intelligent control of sand.

关 键 词：轨道车辆 第三介质 轮轨接触试验 静摩擦因数 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程]