水氮运筹对膜下滴灌制种玉米生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Managementon the Growth and Yield ofSeed Maize with Drip Irrigation under Film

作　　者：孙和折 崔云玲[1] 张立勤[1] 史多鹏 SUN Hezhe;CUI Yunling;ZHANG Liqin;SHI Duopeng(Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2024年第11期1025-1031,共7页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900204);“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200404)。

摘　　要：膜下滴灌技术能够使玉米适应更复杂的种植环境,实现玉米水肥需求的目标。通过研究甘肃引黄灌区制种玉米适宜的施氮量和灌水量,为建立制种玉米水肥一体化灌溉施肥技术提供参考。以制种玉米洰丰19为研究对象,设计不同灌水量和施氮量对膜下滴灌玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明,灌溉量和施氮量对玉米产量和经济效益有促进作用,施氮量225 kg/hm^(2)、灌水量3750 m^(3)/hm^(2)时,玉米的产量最高,为6639.0 kg/hm^(2),较不施氮肥增产104.67%;施氮量225 kg/hm^(2)、灌水量3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)时玉米产量6539.5 kg/hm^(2),较不施氮肥增产101.60%。考虑高水氮高投入和经济效益时,施氮量225 kg/hm^(2)、灌水量3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)时的纯收入最高,达27439.5元/hm^(2);施氮量225 kg/hm^(2)、灌水量3750 m^(3)/hm^(2)时纯收入27286.5元/hm^(2)。综合形态指标和经济性状,膜下滴灌条件下,施氮量225 kg/hm^(2)、灌水量3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)时的制种玉米的效益较好,同时还可以避免水肥资源浪费,符合节水节肥理念。Drip irrigation under film technology enables maize to adapt to more complex planting environments and achieve the goal of meeting water and fertilizers demand in maize.In order to explore the optimal amount of water and nitrogen on seed-producing maize in Yellow River irrigating area of Gansu so as to provide a basis for integrated water-fertilizer irrigation techniques,a study was conducted using the seed corn variety Jufeng 19 as the material to analyze the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on maize growth and seed yield with drip irrigation under film.Results showed that both irrigation and nitrogen application levels could have promoting effects on maize yield and economic benefits.When nitrogen application rate was 225 kg/ha and irrigation amount was 3750 m^(3)/ha,the yield reached its peak at 6639.0 kg/ha,a 104.67%increase over no nitrogen application.When nitrogen application rate was 225 kg/ha and irrigation amount was 3000 m^(3)/ha,the yield was 6539.5 kg/ha,a 101.60%increase over no nitrogen application.Economic benefits were maximized with 225 kg/ha nitrogen and 3000 m^(3)/ha irrigation,reaching a net income of 27439.5 Yuan/ha.When nitrogen application rate was 225 kg/ha and irrigation amount was 3750 m^(3)/ha,the net profit was 27286.5 Yuan/ha.In summary,seed maize has good benefits when nitrogen application is 225 kg/ha and irrigation amount is 3000 m^(3)/ha.This can also avoid the waste of water and fertilizer resources,in line with the concept of water and fertilizer conservation.

关 键 词：水氮运筹 制种玉米 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S147.2