营养元素对豆科牧草-根瘤菌共生系统牧草生长及结瘤能力的影响  

Effects of nutrient elements on the grass growth and nodulation ability of legume-rhizobia symbiosis system

作　　者：李亚娇 马培杰[1] 刘晓霞 韦兴迪 韦鑫[1] 龙忠富 陈才俊[1] 曾庆飞[1] 王小利[1] LI Yajiao;MA Peijie;LIU Xiaoxia;WEI Xingdi;WEI Xin;LONG Zhongfu;CHEN Caijun;ZENG Qingfei;WANG Xiaoli(Institute of Prataculture,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院草业研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2024年第21期82-92,99,共12页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：贵州省草业研究所科技创新课题(草业所科技创新课题[2018]03号);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5634-2);国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34);贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项(黔科合服企[2022]004)。

摘　　要：为了探究营养元素对豆科牧草-根瘤菌共生系统牧草生长及结瘤能力的影响,试验选用贵州天然豆科牧草红三叶(Trifolium pratense L.)、白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)分别与根瘤菌伯克氏菌(Burkholderia phytofirmans)R63-1、拉格雷根瘤菌(Rhizobium laguerreae)R87-4共生,设不同浓度(100,200,300,500 mg/L)的氮肥、磷肥、钾肥3种肥料,另设不配施根瘤菌液、不配施肥料在自然状态下生长的牧草作为空白对照(CK1、CK2),同时设只配施根瘤菌液、不配施肥料的牧草作为对照(CK3~6),共60个处理,每个处理3个重复,测定牧草农艺性状和结瘤能力,解析营养元素对固氮共生体系的影响。结果表明:红三叶+根瘤菌的株高、根际直径及单株鲜重与CK1、CK2相比,分别最高增加了90.93%、242.55%、714.47%,白三叶+根瘤菌分别最高增加了65.92%、69.06%、334.21%。红三叶+R63-1+200 mg/L氮肥处理的根长、干物质含量均最高,根瘤数最多,分别为29.03 cm、22.94%、202.78颗/株,比CK3分别增加63.92%(P<0.05)、41.17%(P<0.05)、87.85%(P<0.05)。红三叶+R63-1+500 mg/L磷肥处理的根际直径、单株鲜重均最高,根瘤数最多,分别为10.01 mm、16.13 g、271.67颗/株,比CK3分别高24.35%(P>0.05)、67.50%(P>0.05)、151.66%(P>0.05)。红三叶+R87-4+300 mg/L钾肥处理的株高、单株鲜重、鲜重冠根比均最高,分别为23.70 cm、16.16 g、1.51,但与CK4相比均差异不显著(P>0.05),且根瘤数最多,达424.11颗/株,比CK4高485.87%(P<0.05)。白三叶+R87-4+100 mg/L氮肥处理的株高、根长、根际直径、单株鲜重均最高,根瘤数最多,分别为39.28 cm、26.25 cm、5.96 mm、13.13 g、121.33颗/株,比CK6分别高14.75%(P<0.05)、12.32%(P>0.05)、33.04%(P<0.05)、13.68%(P>0.05)、6.18%(P>0.05)。白三叶+R87-4+300 mg/L磷肥处理的株高、根长、单株鲜重均最大,分别为56.64 cm、27.67 cm、23.73 g,比CK6分别高65.47%(P<0.05)、18.40%(P>0.05)、105.45%(P<0.05),且根瘤数为508.67颗/株,比CK0高345.15%(P<In order to explore the effects of nutritional elements on the growth and nodulation ability of legume-rhizobia symbiotic system,Trifolium pratense L.and Trifolium repens L.were selected from natural leguminous grasses in Guizhou province for symbiosis with Burkholderia phytofirmans R63-1 and Rhizobium laguerrea R87-4,respectively.Three different concentrations of N,P,and K fertilizers(100,200,300,500 mg/L)were applied.In addition,a blank control(CK1,CK2)was set up for grass growing under natural state without the application of rhizobium solution or fertilizer.At the same time,a grass control(CK3-6)was set up with only rhizobium solution and no fertilizer,with a total of 60 treatments and 3 replicates for each treatment,and the agronomic traits and nodulation ability of the grass were measured to analyze the effects of nutrients on the nitrogen fixation symbiotic system.The results showed that the plant height,rhizosphere diameter,and fresh weight in the red clover+rhizobia increased by 90.93%,242.55%and 714.47%,respectively,compared with CK1 and CK2,while white clover+rhizobia increased by 65.92%,69.06%and 334.21%,respectively.The root length,dry matter content,and the number of root nodules in the red clover+R63-1+200 mg/L N fertilizer treatment were the highest,which were 29.03 cm,22.94%and 202.78 per plant,respectively,which increased by 63.92%(P<0.05),41.17%(P<0.05)and 87.85%(P<0.05)compared to CK3.The rhizosphere diameter,fresh weight per plant,and the number of root nodules in the red clover+R63-1+500 mg/L P fertilizer treatment were the largest,which were 10.01 mm,16.13 g and 271.67 per plant,respectively.It was increased by 24.35%(P>0.05),67.50%(P>0.05)and 151.66%(P>0.05)compared to CK3,respectively.The plant height,fresh weight per plant,and crown to root ratio in the red clover+R87-4+300 mg/L K fertilizer treatment were the highest,which were 23.70 cm,16.16 g and 1.51,respectively,but there was no significant difference compared to CK4(P>0.05).At this concentration,the number of root nodules was the h

关 键 词：红三叶 白三叶 氮磷钾肥 农艺性状 结瘤能力 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学]