流动人口中孕龄期女性健康教育现状及其影响因素分析——基于东、中、西部地区差异的比较分析  

Comparative Analysis on the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Health Education on Women of Pregnant Age in the Migrant Population Based on the Differences among Eastern,Middle and Western Regions

作　　者：葛怀举 董士红 苏文钰 官为民 于晴 柳言 马桂峰 Ge Huaiju(School of Public Health,Shandong Second Medical University,Weifang,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东潍坊261053 [2]“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2024年第11期1275-1279,共5页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“我国卫生总费用风险预警系统研究”(71673202);国家食品安全风险中心联合攻关计划项目“食品安全风险监测预警体系的评价与优化路径研究”(LH2022GG06);潍坊医学院教学改革项目“人文终极关怀视角下医学生通识课程体系构建与实践研究”(2023YBC008)

摘　　要：目的:了解我国流动人口中孕龄期女性的健康教育现状及其影响因素,并比较东、中、西部地区差异,以期为改善我国孕龄期女性的健康教育状况,提高健康教育水平提供参考。方法:收集2018年流动人口动态监测数据,以15~49岁孕龄期女性作为研究对象,对变量进行一般描述性统计分析,采用单因素χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归模型分析我国整体和东、中、西部地区孕龄期女性健康教育的影响因素。结果:43474例孕龄期女性整体健康教育接受率为84.29%,东、中、西部地区分别为80.04%、88.84%、88.50%;健康教育方式以宣传资料和宣传栏为主;小学及以上文化程度(OR=1.349、1.888、2.231,95%CI:1.147~1.586、1.612~2.211、1.891~2.632)、非农业户口(OR=1.162,95%CI:1.092~1.236)、有医疗保险(OR=1.528,95%CI:1.381~1.691)、有健康档案(OR=2.802,95%CI:2.571~3.053)、签约家庭医生(OR=2.881,95%CI:2.423~3.425)、跨市和跨县流动(OR=1.168、1.236,95%CI:1.093~1.248、1.128~1.354)、中部和西部地区(OR=1.486、1.742,95%CI:1.366~1.617、1.622~1.871)是孕龄期女性健康教育的保护因素;有配偶(OR=0.861,95%CI:0.791~0.937)、商业及服务业人员和其他及无单位人员(OR=0.849、0.789,95%CI:0.774~0.930、0.675~0.922)、自评健康一般(OR=0.785,95%CI:0.718~0.859)、平均月收入3001~9000元(OR=1.119、1.141,95%CI:1.013~1.236、1.024~1.271)是孕龄期女性健康教育的危险因素。结论:我国流动人口中孕龄期女性的健康教育状况有待提高,健康教育水平存在地区差异,应针对不同特征孕龄期女性开展相应健康教育,重视无配偶、低文化程度、农业户口、无医疗保险、自评健康差等健康教育状况较差的孕龄期女性,实现公共卫生资源公平、效率、合理配置。Objective To understand the current status of health education and its influencing factors among women of preg-nancy age in Chinas migrant population,compare the differences among the eastern,central and western regions,and provide a reference for improving health education for women of pregnancy age in China.Methods The 2018 migrant population dynamics monitoring data were collected.And women aged 15~49 years were chosen as the research object and analyzed with general de-scriptive statistics,one-way x2 test and multifactorial logistic regression model.Results The overall health education acceptance rate of 43,474 women of pregnant age was 84.29%,which was 80.04%,88.84%,and 88.50%in the eastern,central,and western regions,respectively.Health education was mainly as publicity materials and bulletin boards.Factors of education back-ground of elementary'school and above,non-agricultural registered residence,having medical insurance,having a health record,signing up for a family doctor,cross-city and cross-county mobility,locating in central and western regions were the protective factors for womens health education in the pregnancy age group,while the factors of having a spouse,business and service workers and other unorganized workers,self-assessed health in general,having mean monthly income of 3,001 to 9,000 yuan were risk factors for health education for women of gestational age.Conclusion The status of health education for women of pregnancy age in Chinas migrant population needs to be improved.There were regional differences in the level of health education.It is suggested to carry out health education accordingly to women of pregnancy age with different characteristics,and focus on wonen of pregnant age without spouses,with a lower level of literacy,with an agricultural household registration,without medical insurance,and with poor self-assessment of their health,so as to realize a fair,efficient and reasonable allocation of public health resources.

关 键 词：流动人口 孕龄期女性 健康教育 区域差异 影响因素 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]