中国老年居民心理亚健康的影响因素分析  

Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Mental Sub-Health Status of Chinese Elderly Residents

作　　者：刘琛 许军[2] 马蕊 廖生武[2] 张远妮 吴伟旋 李德敏 Liu Chen(School of Health Management,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学卫生管理学院,广东广州510515 [2]南方医科大学南方医院

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2024年第11期1285-1291,共7页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“城镇居民亚健康状态的影响因素模型构建及干预方案研究”(71673126);广州市科技计划项目“基于人工智能的中老年常见疾病诊治系统研发”(202103000037)。

摘　　要：目的:从多因素层面分析与探讨我国老年居民心理亚健康的影响因素,为相关部门开展老年人群心理疾病预防和健康管理提供参考依据。方法:采用多阶段分层抽样方法,用亚健康评定量表(SHMS V1.0)对我国五省市老年居民进行心理亚健康问卷调查。使用多元逐步线性回归分析各影响因素对老年居民心理亚健康的影响,使用随机森林模型度量各影响因素的重要性。结果:老年居民心理亚健康影响因素主要有(重要性排位由大到小):健康关注度、居住环境舒适度、自评人际关系重要性、自评挫商、受二手烟影响程度、饮酒情况、家庭结构(大家庭)、重大生活事件、婚姻状况、童年期心理创伤事件、性别和户籍(P<0.05)。结论:老年居民的心理亚健康的影响因素涉及个人、心理、行为、人际和环境因素多个方面,其中健康关注度、居住环境舒适度、自评人际关系重要性和自评挫商是最为重要的影响因素。因此,建议通过增强心理健康素养、改善居住环境、支持心理弱势群体人际网络建设、完善老年心理服务等方式提高老年居民心理健康水平。Objective To analyze and explore the factors influencing the mental sub-health status among elderly residents in China from the multi-factor perspective,and provide a reference for the relevant departments to conduct mental disease preven-tion and health management for the elderly population.Methods Using a multi-stage stratified sampling method,a mental sub-health status questionnaire survey was conducted on elderly residents in five provinces in China using the Sub-Health Measure-ment Scale V1.0(SHMS V1.0).Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to determine the influence of various fac-tors on the mental sub-health of elderly residents,and a random forest model was used to measure the importance of each influen-cing factor.Results The main influencing factors of mental sub-health status among elderly residents ranked by importance from highest to lowest as health concern,living environment comfort,self-rated importance of interpersonal relationships,self-rated adversity quotient,exposure to secondhand smoke,drinking habits,family structure(extended family),major life events,marital status,childhood psychological trauma,gender,and household registration(P<0.05).Conclusion The influencing factors of mental sub-health status among elderly residents involve multiple aspects,including personal,psychological,behavioral,inter-personal,and environmental factors,in which health concern,living environment comfort,self-rated importance of interpersonal relationships,and self-rated adversity quotient are the most important factors.Therefore,it is recommended to improve the men-tal health of elderly residents by enhancing mental health literacy,improving living environments,supporting the construction of interpersonal networks for psychologically vulnerable groups,and perfecting mental health services for the elderly.

关 键 词：心理亚健康 老年居民 影响因素重要性 随机森林模型 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R395.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]