民族地区公安领域语言生活和语言服务调查——以贵州省兴义市派出所为个案  

A Survey of Language Practices and Services in Public Security Within Ethnic Minority Areas:A Case Study of a Local Police Station in Xingyi City,Guizhou Province

作　　者：王远新[1] Wang Yuanxin(Minzu University of China,100081,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学,北京100081

出　　处：《民族学刊》2024年第5期79-88,127,共11页Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：基层公安干警语言使用和语言服务关乎执法为民的效果。本文以贵州省兴义市派出所为调查点,考察民族地区公安领域语言生活和语言服务的现状。调查表明,少数民族基层公安干警均掌握或基本掌握普通话,均熟练掌握当地汉语方言;不足三成的人掌握或基本掌握少数民族语言,族际通婚家庭后代大多不懂少数民族语言。家庭、社会和工作场域,调查对象主要使用汉语方言,开会发言兼用普通话和汉语方言,书面发言使用普通话的比例高于口头发言。在多语多方言地区,语言使用的统一性和维护语言文化多样性是客观存在的矛盾,推广普通话需要处理好语言使用问题。首先,历史形成的语言使用传统、特定场域和人群的语言使用现状,是建构和谐健康语言生活需要考虑的因素。国家通用语是不同地区和民族有效沟通的重要工具,是增强各民族凝聚力和国家认同感的重要保障;少数民族语言和汉语方言有特定的使用场域和人群,与国家通用语功能互补。其次,应当持续监测不同群体的普通话能力和使用场域、弱势语言和方言的功能变化,以及不同群体的语言态度,针对语言生活的变化,适当调整语言规划,以促进国家通用语、弱势语言和方言使用的和谐健康发展。The effectiveness of law enforcement for the public appears to be influenced by language use and service provided by local public security(police)staff.Taking the local police station in Xingyi City,Guizhou Province as its research subject,this paper explores the current public security language practices and services in ethnic areas.Findings reveal that while all local ethnic minority public security officers are proficient in standard spoken Chinese(Putonghua)and the local Chinese dialect,fewer than 30%are proficient in ethnic minority languages.In addition,children from interethnic marriages often cannot speak these ethnic minority languages.In family,society,and professional settings,Chinese dialects apparently are mainly used,with Putonghua and Chinese dialects being used in formal speech contexts.Written communications seem to be more frequent in Putonghua than oral communications.The respondents from this survey primarily use Putonghua and consume media in Chinese,with minimal use of ethnic minority language media.Daily communication,computer use,text messaging,and WeChat are exclusively in Chinese.Furthermore,respondents hold high expectations for the social status,practical function,and future of Putonghua and Chinese writing,so they have positive behavior tendency in learning standard spoken and written Chinese language;their emotional connection to ethnic minority languages and scripts is stronger,while their expectations for its social status,practical function and future are relatively low,resulting in less proactive behavior.In terms of language services,respondents interact with visitors in Chinese dialects and arrange for police fluent in Buyi and Miao languages to assist them when encountering Buyi and Miao visitors who cannot speak Chinese.Data also suggests a strong demand for ethnic minority language translation or courts and government service windows;however,expectations for ethnic minority language proficiency tests,when recruiting public security police and government officers,are lower.Wh

关 键 词：少数民族公安干警 语言生活 语言服务 语言需求 

分 类 号：C957[社会学—民族学]